Singapore — Country Profile
Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Singapore: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna Power score (--/100, ranked #-- of 195).
Last updated: October 2026
Singapore is in Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia. It covers 719 sq km. Terrain: lowlying, gently undulating central plateau. Climate: tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - northeastern monsoon (December to March) and southwestern monsoon (June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms.
| Capital | Singapore |
|---|---|
| Population | 6,080,545 (2025 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $800.304 billion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $132,600 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | 4.4% (2024 est.) |
| Inflation | 2.4% (2024 est.) |
| Unemployment | 3.2% (2024 est.) |
| Public debt | 175.6% of GDP (2023 est.) |
| Exports | $978.597 billion (2024 est.) |
| Imports | $786.02 billion (2024 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 86.7 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 39.8 years (2025 est.) |
| Urbanization | 100% of total population (2023) |
| Government | parliamentary republic |
| Independence | 9 August 1965 (from Malaysian Federation) |
| Languages | English (official) 48.3%, Mandarin (official) 29.9%, other Chinese dialects (includes Hokkien, Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka) 8.7%, Malay (official) 9.2%, Tamil (official) 2.5%, other 1.4% (2020 est.) |
Singapore’s GDP is $800.304 billion (2024 est.) in purchasing-power-parity terms. At official exchange rates it stands at $547.387 billion (2024 est.). Real GDP grew 4.4% (2024 est.). See where Singapore ranks among all 195 countries by GDP.
POWER --/100 — The Magna Power score is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — nine components, 135 indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum 0 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
Singapore did what Singapore does: a budget surplus, steady trade flows through the tariff storms, and institutional continuity.
No drama by design — the city-state's momentum is structural and the quarter added nothing to it, which is the point.
- What our model rewards: life expectancy of 87 years — among the longest-lived peoples on Earth; inflation tamed at 2.4%
- What drags it down: public debt above 176% of GDP — the budget's ball and chain; only 5% of electricity from low-carbon sources
Energy is the physical base of economic power — what a country can generate, move and burn decides what it can build, sell and defend.
| Electricity access | 100% (2022 est.) |
|---|---|
| Installed capacity mix (CIA) | fossil fuels: 94.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) |
| Energy consumption per capita (CIA) | 643.259 million Btu/person (2023 est.) |
| Primary energy consumption (OWID) | 1,053.9 TWh (2024) |
| Electricity generation (OWID) | 59.6 TWh (2024) |
| Energy per capita (OWID) | 180,703 kWh per person (2024) |
| Electricity generation mix (OWID) | Gas 92.1%, Solar 2.1%, Oil 2.0%, Coal 1.0% (2024) |
| Low-carbon share of electricity (OWID) | 4.9% (2024) |
| Carbon intensity of electricity (OWID) | 498.7 gCO2/kWh (2024) |
Sources: CIA World Factbook, Energy section; Our World in Data (IEA/Ember), 2024.
Trade shows what the world buys from a country and what the country must buy from the world — the balance between the two is a direct measure of economic leverage.
| Exports | $978.597 billion (2024 est.) |
|---|---|
| Imports | $786.02 billion (2024 est.) |
| Trade balance (calculated) | Surplus of $192.6 billion (2024), calculated from the CIA export and import figures above. |
| Key industries | electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling equipment, petroleum refining, biomedical products, scientific instruments, telecommunication equipment, processed food and beverages, ship repair, offshore platform construction, entrepot trade |
Source: CIA World Factbook, Economy section.
Lawrence Wong — Prime Minister. President THARMAN Shanmugaratnam (since 14 September 2023)
Singapore maintains 28 embassies and 17 consulates abroad, hosts 70 foreign diplomatic missions, holds permanent missions to ASEAN Jakarta, UN New York, UN Vienna, UN Geneva, WTO Geneva. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 28 |
|---|---|
| Consulates abroad | 17 |
| Foreign missions hosted | 70 |
| Multilateral missions | ASEAN Jakarta, UN New York, UN Vienna, UN Geneva, WTO Geneva |
Source: MFA Singapore via Wikipedia 'List of diplomatic missions of Singapore' (50 overseas missions); Wikipedia '... in Singapore'
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Coastal — 193 km of coastline. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 9 + 1 heliports (registration prefix 9V) |
| Major seaports | Jurong Island, Keppel - (East Singapore), Pulau Bukom, Pulau Sebarok |
| Pipelines | 3,220 km domestic gas (2014), 1,122 km cross-border pipelines (2017), 8 km refined products (2013) (2013) |
| Top container ports (TEU) | Singapore (37,470,000 TEU, 2021) |
Major airports
Singapore Changi Airport (SIN) — Singapore; Seletar Airport (XSP) — Seletar.
Terminals
| LNG import terminals | Singapore |
|---|
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28); theodora.com CIA mirror (CIA World Factbook Transportation section), scraped 2026-10-02
| Political system | parliamentary republic |
|---|---|
| Last election | 2025 — general; 2025-05-03; winner: Lawrence Wong (PAP); PAP 87/97, 65.57% channelnewsasia.com |
| Next election | 2030 — general (scheduled) |
Source: constitutional schedule / public election calendar
POWER --/100 Ranked #-- of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Singapore.
Historical timeline of Singapore
This profile covers the population, economy, natural resources, leaders, and history of Singapore — with the Bureau’s live national-power score of --/100, ranking #-- of 195 countries.
What is Singapore's power score?
Singapore has a Magna Power score of --/100. The score measures structural power — the proven capacity to shape events — across nine components.