Montenegro — Country Profile
Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Montenegro: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna Power score (--/100, ranked #-- of 195).
Last updated: October 2026
Montenegro is in Southeastern Europe, between the Adriatic Sea and Serbia. It covers 13,812 sq km. Notable earlier dates: 13 March 1852 (Principality of Montenegro established); 13 July 1878 (Congress of Berlin recognizes Montenegrin independence); 28 August 1910 (Kingdom of Montenegro established). Terrain: highly indented coastline with narrow coastal plain backed by rugged high limestone mountains and plateaus. Climate: Mediterranean climate, hot dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfalls inland.
| Capital | Podgorica |
|---|---|
| Population | 599,849 (2024 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $17.375 billion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $27,900 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | 3% (2024 est.) |
| Inflation | 3.3% (2024 est.) |
| Unemployment | 14.1% (2024 est.) |
| Public debt | 67.2% of GDP (2017 est.) |
| Exports | $3.629 billion (2024 est.) |
| Imports | $5.478 billion (2024 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 78.2 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 41.5 years (2025 est.) |
| Urbanization | 68.5% of total population (2023) |
| Government | parliamentary republic |
| Independence | 3 June 2006 (from the State Union of Serbia and Montenegro); notable earlier dates: 13 March 1852 (Principality of Montenegro established); 13 July 1878 (Congress of Berlin recognizes Montenegrin independence); 28 August 1910 (Kingdom of Montenegro established) |
| Languages | Serbian 42.9%, Montenegrin (official) 37%, Bosnian 5.3%, Albanian 5.3%, Serbo-Croat 2%, other 3.5%, unspecified 4% (2011 est.) |
Montenegro’s GDP is $17.375 billion (2024 est.) in purchasing-power-parity terms. At official exchange rates it stands at $8.07 billion (2024 est.). Real GDP grew 3% (2024 est.). See where Montenegro ranks among all 195 countries by GDP.
POWER --/100 — The Magna Power score is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — nine components, 135 indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum 0 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
An uneventful quarter, recorded without embellishment: no breakthrough to celebrate, no setback to mourn.
The longer forces — demographics, trade routes, regional balances — kept doing what they do, and the country rode them steadily.
- What our model rewards: inflation tamed at 3.3%; GDP per capita of $27,900 (PPP) — prosperity far above the world average
- What drags it down: a current-account deficit of $1 billion (17.4% of GDP) — living beyond its means; few natural resources to fall back on
Bauxite.
Energy is the physical base of economic power — what a country can generate, move and burn decides what it can build, sell and defend.
| Electricity access | 100% (2022 est.) |
|---|---|
| Installed capacity mix (CIA) | fossil fuels: 39.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 7.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 53% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) |
| Energy consumption per capita (CIA) | 63.407 million Btu/person (2023 est.) |
| Electricity generation (OWID) | 3.7 TWh (2024) |
| Electricity generation mix (OWID) | Hydro 50.0%, Coal 39.7%, Wind 8.1%, Solar 2.2% (2024) |
| Low-carbon share of electricity (OWID) | 60.3% (2024) |
| Carbon intensity of electricity (OWID) | 413.5 gCO2/kWh (2024) |
Sources: CIA World Factbook, Energy section; Our World in Data (IEA/Ember), 2024.
Trade shows what the world buys from a country and what the country must buy from the world — the balance between the two is a direct measure of economic leverage.
| Exports | $3.629 billion (2024 est.) |
|---|---|
| Imports | $5.478 billion (2024 est.) |
| Trade balance (calculated) | Deficit of $1.8 billion (2024), calculated from the CIA export and import figures above. |
| Key industries | steelmaking, aluminum, agricultural processing, consumer goods, tourism |
Source: CIA World Factbook, Economy section.
Milojko Spajić — Prime Minister. President Jakov MILATOVIC (since 20 May 2023)
Montenegro maintains 26 embassies and 4 consulates abroad, hosts 27 foreign diplomatic missions, holds permanent missions to UN New York, UN Geneva, NATO Brussels, UNESCO Paris, OSCE Vienna, CoE Strasbourg. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 26 |
|---|---|
| Consulates abroad | 4 |
| Foreign missions hosted | 27 |
| Multilateral missions | UN New York, UN Geneva, NATO Brussels, UNESCO Paris, OSCE Vienna, CoE Strasbourg |
Source: Abroad: Consular Affairs Center, of-country ranking, Jan 2026 (26/4), Zenodo https://zenodo.org/records/18109976/ . Hosted: Consular Affairs Center, in-country ranking, Jan 2026 (Podgorica 27). Multilateral rosters as for AUT.
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Coastal — 293.5 km of coastline. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 5 + 1 heliports (registration prefix 4O) |
| Major seaports | Bar, Kotor, Risan, Tivat |
| Railways | 250 km |
Major airports
Podgorica Airport / Podgorica Golubovci Airbase (TGD) — Podgorica; Tivat Airport (TIV) — Tivat.
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28)
| Political system | parliamentary republic |
|---|---|
| Next election | No election currently scheduled. |
POWER --/100 Ranked #-- of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Montenegro.
Historical timeline of Montenegro
This profile covers the population, economy, natural resources, leaders, and history of Montenegro — with the Bureau’s live national-power score of --/100, ranking #-- of 195 countries.
What is Montenegro's power score?
Montenegro has a Magna Power score of --/100. The score measures structural power — the proven capacity to shape events — across nine components.