Denmark — Country Profile
Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Denmark: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna Power score (--/100, ranked #-- of 195).
Last updated: October 2026
Denmark is in Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula north of Germany (Jutland); also includes several major islands (Sjaelland, Fyn, and Bornholm). It covers 43,094 sq km. 965 (unified and Christianized under Harald I GORMSSON); 5 June 1849 (became a parliamentary constitutional monarchy). Terrain: low and flat to gently rolling plains. Climate: temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers.
| Capital | Copenhagen |
|---|---|
| Population | 6,051,491 (2025 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $440.558 billion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $73,700 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | 3.7% (2024 est.) |
| Inflation | 1.4% (2024 est.) |
| Unemployment | 5.6% (2024 est.) |
| Public debt | 35.3% of GDP (2017 est.) |
| Exports | $299.405 billion (2024 est.) |
| Imports | $252.954 billion (2024 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 82.1 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 42.2 years (2025 est.) |
| Urbanization | 88.5% of total population (2023) |
| Government | parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
| Independence | ca. 965 (unified and Christianized under Harald I GORMSSON); 5 June 1849 (became a parliamentary constitutional monarchy) |
| Languages | Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority); note - English is the predominant second language |
Denmark’s GDP is $440.558 billion (2024 est.) in purchasing-power-parity terms. At official exchange rates it stands at $429.457 billion (2024 est.). Real GDP grew 3.7% (2024 est.). See where Denmark ranks among all 195 countries by GDP.
POWER --/100 — The Magna Power score is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — nine components, 135 indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum 0 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
A quiet quarter: no major shocks, no breakthroughs. The country's trajectory is set by structural forces larger than any single season.
The honest reading is steadiness — neither crisis nor windfall — with the long currents of demography, trade and institutions deciding more than any three months.
- What our model rewards: inflation tamed at 1.4%; a current-account surplus of $56 billion — the world pays it more than it pays out
Oil, Natural gas, Salt.
Energy is the physical base of economic power — what a country can generate, move and burn decides what it can build, sell and defend.
| Electricity access | 100% (2022 est.) |
|---|---|
| Installed capacity mix (CIA) | fossil fuels: 11.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 9.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 57.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) |
| Energy consumption per capita (CIA) | 98.513 million Btu/person (2023 est.) |
| Primary energy consumption (OWID) | 196.3 TWh (2024) |
| Electricity generation (OWID) | 35.5 TWh (2024) |
| Energy per capita (OWID) | 32,833 kWh per person (2024) |
| Electricity generation mix (OWID) | Wind 57.9%, Solar 11.3%, Coal 7.0%, Gas 2.5%, Oil 2.4%, Hydro 0.1% (2024) |
| Low-carbon share of electricity (OWID) | 88.0% (2024) |
| Carbon intensity of electricity (OWID) | 143.3 gCO2/kWh (2024) |
Sources: CIA World Factbook, Energy section; Our World in Data (IEA/Ember), 2024.
Trade shows what the world buys from a country and what the country must buy from the world — the balance between the two is a direct measure of economic leverage.
| Exports | $299.405 billion (2024 est.) |
|---|---|
| Imports | $252.954 billion (2024 est.) |
| Trade balance (calculated) | Surplus of $46.5 billion (2024), calculated from the CIA export and import figures above. |
| Key industries | wind turbines, pharmaceuticals, medical equipment, shipbuilding and refurbishment, iron, steel, nonferrous metals, chemicals, food processing, machinery and transportation equipment, textiles and clothing, electronics, construction, furniture and other wood products |
Source: CIA World Factbook, Economy section.
Mette Frederiksen — Prime Minister. King FREDERIK X (since 14 January 2024)
Denmark maintains 66 embassies and 16 consulates abroad, hosts 71 foreign diplomatic missions, holds permanent missions to UN New York, UN Geneva, EU Brussels, NATO Brussels, OECD Paris, UNESCO Paris, OSCE Vienna, CoE Strasbourg. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 66 |
|---|---|
| Consulates abroad | 16 |
| Foreign missions hosted | 71 |
| Multilateral missions | UN New York, UN Geneva, EU Brussels, NATO Brussels, OECD Paris, UNESCO Paris, OSCE Vienna, CoE Strasbourg |
Source: Abroad: Lowy GDI 2024 via Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_diplomatic_missions . Hosted: Consular Affairs Center in-country ranking, Jan 2026 (Copenhagen 71). Multilateral rosters as for AUT.
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Coastal — 7314 km of coastline. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 102 + 29 heliports (registration prefix OY) |
| Major seaports | Abenra, Alborg, Arhus, Assens, Augustenborg, Bandholm, Esbjerg, Faborg, Fredericia, Frederikshavn, Haderslev, Holstebro-Stuer, Kalundborg, Kobenhavn, Kolding, Korsor, Marstal, Middelfart, Naestved, Nakskov, Nyborg, Nykobing, Odense, Randers, Ronne, Rudkobing, Sakskobing, Skagen Havn, Sonderborg, Stubbekobing, Studstrup, Svendborg, Vejle |
| Railways | 2682 km |
| Pipelines | 1,536 km gas, 330 km oil (2015) |
Major airports
Aalborg Airport (AAL) — Aalborg; Aarhus Airport (AAR) — Aarhus; Billund Airport (BLL) — Billund; Copenhagen Kastrup Airport (CPH) — Copenhagen; Odense Hans Christian Andersen Airport (ODE) — Odense; Bornholm Airport (RNN) — Rønne; Copenhagen Roskilde Airport (RKE) — Roskilde; Esbjerg Airport (EBJ) — Esbjerg; Midtjyllands Airport / Air Base Karup (KRP) — Karup; Sønderborg Airport (SGD) — Sønderborg.
Terminals
| River ports | Aalborg (Langerak) |
|---|
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28); theodora.com CIA mirror (CIA World Factbook Transportation section), scraped 2026-10-02
| Political system | parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
|---|---|
| Last election | 2026 — general; 2026-03-24; winner: Mette Frederiksen (Social Democrats); SocDem 38 seats (21.9%), worst since 1903; 3rd Frederiksen government formed June 2026 malaymail.com |
| Next election | 2030 — parliamentary (scheduled) |
Source: constitutional schedule / public election calendar
POWER --/100 Ranked #-- of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Denmark.
Historical timeline of Denmark
This profile covers the population, economy, natural resources, leaders, and history of Denmark — with the Bureau’s live national-power score of --/100, ranking #-- of 195 countries.
What is Denmark's power score?
Denmark has a Magna Power score of --/100. The score measures structural power — the proven capacity to shape events — across nine components.