Azerbaijan — Country Profile
Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Azerbaijan: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna Power score (--/100, ranked #-- of 195).
Last updated: October 2026
Azerbaijan is in Southwestern Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Russia, with a small European portion north of the Caucasus range. It covers 86,600 sq km. 18 October 1991 (adopted by the Supreme Council of Azerbaijan). Terrain: large, flat Kur-Araz Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland, much of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) to the west; Baku lies on Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) that juts into Caspian Sea. Climate: dry, semiarid steppe.
| Capital | Baku (Baki, Baky) |
|---|---|
| Population | 10,694,370 (2025 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $225.198 billion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $22,100 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | 4.1% (2024 est.) |
| Inflation | 2.2% (2024 est.) |
| Unemployment | 5.6% (2024 est.) |
| Public debt | 16.8% of GDP (2021 est.) |
| Exports | $34.113 billion (2024 est.) |
| Imports | $27.339 billion (2024 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 75.9 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 34.8 years (2025 est.) |
| Urbanization | 57.6% of total population (2023) |
| Government | presidential republic |
| Independence | 30 August 1991 (declared from the Soviet Union); 18 October 1991 (adopted by the Supreme Council of Azerbaijan) |
| Languages | Azerbaijani 96.1%, other 1.4%; less than 1%: Russian, Avar, Talyshi, Turkish, Tatar, Sakhur, Tat, Ukrainian, Georgian, Hebrew (2019 est.) |
Azerbaijan’s GDP is $225.198 billion (2024 est.) in purchasing-power-parity terms. At official exchange rates it stands at $74.316 billion (2024 est.). Real GDP grew 4.1% (2024 est.). See where Azerbaijan ranks among all 195 countries by GDP.
POWER --/100 — The Magna Power score is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — nine components, 135 indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum 0 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
Jul–Sep 2026 came and went without leaving a mark on the country's trajectory. Continuity, not change, is the story.
For a small or mid-sized state, that is often the good outcome: no shock to absorb, no crisis to manage.
- What our model rewards: public debt under 17% of GDP — room to maneuver; inflation tamed at 2.2%
- What drags it down: only 12% of electricity from low-carbon sources
Oil, Natural gas, Iron ore, Bauxite.
Energy is the physical base of economic power — what a country can generate, move and burn decides what it can build, sell and defend.
| Electricity access | 100% (2022 est.) |
|---|---|
| Installed capacity mix (CIA) | fossil fuels: 93.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 5.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) |
| Energy consumption per capita (CIA) | 66.467 million Btu/person (2023 est.) |
| Primary energy consumption (OWID) | 208.2 TWh (2024) |
| Electricity generation (OWID) | 29.3 TWh (2024) |
| Energy per capita (OWID) | 20,138 kWh per person (2024) |
| Electricity generation mix (OWID) | Gas 87.7%, Hydro 9.9%, Solar 1.4%, Oil 0.4%, Wind 0.3% (2024) |
| Low-carbon share of electricity (OWID) | 12.0% (2024) |
| Carbon intensity of electricity (OWID) | 633.1 gCO2/kWh (2024) |
Sources: CIA World Factbook, Energy section; Our World in Data (IEA/Ember), 2024.
Trade shows what the world buys from a country and what the country must buy from the world — the balance between the two is a direct measure of economic leverage.
| Exports | $34.113 billion (2024 est.) |
|---|---|
| Imports | $27.339 billion (2024 est.) |
| Trade balance (calculated) | Surplus of $6.8 billion (2024), calculated from the CIA export and import figures above. |
| Key industries | petroleum and petroleum products, natural gas, oilfield equipment; steel, iron ore; cement; chemicals and petrochemicals; textiles |
Source: CIA World Factbook, Economy section.
Ilham Aliyev — President. President Ilham ALIYEV (since 31 October 2003)
Azerbaijan maintains 62 embassies and 4 consulates abroad. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 62 |
|---|---|
| Consulates abroad | 4 |
Source: Outbound: Consular Affairs Center (Yonsei Univ.), diplomatic & consular networks database, January 2026 report (Zenodo).
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Landlocked — no seacoast; exports move through transit corridors across neighbouring countries. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 32 + 5 heliports (registration prefix 4K) |
| Railways | 2944.3 km |
| Pipelines | 89 km condensate, 3,890 km gas, 2,446 km oil (2013) |
Major airports
Ganja International Airport (GNJ) — Ganja; Heydar Aliyev International Airport (GYD) — Baku; Nakhchivan International Airport (NAJ) — Nakhchivan; Gabala International Airport (GBB) — Gabala; Lachin International Airport (LHL) — Lachin.
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28); theodora.com CIA mirror (CIA World Factbook Transportation section), scraped 2026-10-02
| Political system | presidential republic |
|---|---|
| Next election | No election currently scheduled. |
POWER --/100 Ranked #-- of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Azerbaijan.
Historical timeline of Azerbaijan
This profile covers the population, economy, natural resources, leaders, and history of Azerbaijan — with the Bureau’s live national-power score of --/100, ranking #-- of 195 countries.
What is Azerbaijan's power score?
Azerbaijan has a Magna Power score of --/100. The score measures structural power — the proven capacity to shape events — across nine components.