Francisco Carvalho

Prime Minister — Cabo Verde

How these scores work: Power measures how much governing authority this leader exercises right now — formal office, actual (not ceremonial) control, command of institutions, military, and coalition. Record measures what they have done — track record in office, accomplishments, and governance quality. A new strongman scores high on power, low on record; a constrained veteran scores the reverse. Monarchs, juntas, and elected leaders are measured by the same standard: who actually governs.

Country momentum 0 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).

Francisco Carvalho is the Prime Minister of Cabo Verde. The Bureau scores this leader 42/100 on governing power and 59.0/100 on record in office. Power measures governing authority exercised now; record measures accomplishments and governance quality in office. Leadership scores use the same Grades model vintage as the country rankings.