Uzbekistan — Country Profile
Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Uzbekistan: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna Power score (--/100, ranked #-- of 195).
Last updated: October 2026
Uzbekistan is a presidential republic; highly authoritarian in Central Asia, north of Turkmenistan, south of Kazakhstan. It covers 447,400 sq km. Terrain: mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Syr Darya (Sirdaryo), and Zaravshan; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan; shrinking Aral Sea in west. Climate: mostly mid-latitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east.
| Capital | Tashkent (Toshkent) |
|---|---|
| Population | 37,015,151 (2025 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $379.989 billion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $10,500 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | 6.5% (2024 est.) |
| Inflation | 9.6% (2024 est.) |
| Unemployment | 4.5% (2024 est.) |
| Public debt | 10.5% of GDP (2016 est.) |
| Exports | $26.173 billion (2024 est.) |
| Imports | $43.624 billion (2024 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 76.2 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 29.2 years (2025 est.) |
| Urbanization | 50.5% of total population (2023) |
| Government | presidential republic; highly authoritarian |
| Independence | 1 September 1991 (from the Soviet Union) |
| Languages | Uzbek (official) 74.3%, Russian 14.2%, Tajik 4.4%, other 7.1% |
Uzbekistan’s GDP is $379.989 billion (2024 est.) in purchasing-power-parity terms. At official exchange rates it stands at $114.965 billion (2024 est.). Real GDP grew 6.5% (2024 est.). See where Uzbekistan ranks among all 195 countries by GDP.
POWER --/100 — The Magna Power score is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — nine components, 135 indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum 0 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
A quiet quarter: no major shocks, no breakthroughs. The country's trajectory is set by structural forces larger than any single season.
The honest reading is steadiness — neither crisis nor windfall — with the long currents of demography, trade and institutions deciding more than any three months.
- What our model rewards: public debt under 10% of GDP — room to maneuver; unemployment near 4.5% — work for whoever wants it
- What drags it down: only 16% of electricity from low-carbon sources; a current-account deficit of $6 billion (5.0% of GDP) — living beyond its means
Natural gas, Oil, Coal, Gold, Uranium, Silver, Copper, Tungsten, Molybdenum.
Energy is the physical base of economic power — what a country can generate, move and burn decides what it can build, sell and defend.
| Electricity access | 100% (2022 est.) |
|---|---|
| Installed capacity mix (CIA) | fossil fuels: 90.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 8.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) |
| Energy consumption per capita (CIA) | 55.305 million Btu/person (2023 est.) |
| Primary energy consumption (OWID) | 695.6 TWh (2024) |
| Electricity generation (OWID) | 81.3 TWh (2024) |
| Energy per capita (OWID) | 19,129 kWh per person (2024) |
| Electricity generation mix (OWID) | Hydro 10.1%, Solar 5.3%, Wind 0.6% (2024) |
| Low-carbon share of electricity (OWID) | 16.0% (2024) |
Sources: CIA World Factbook, Energy section; Our World in Data (IEA/Ember), 2024.
Trade shows what the world buys from a country and what the country must buy from the world — the balance between the two is a direct measure of economic leverage.
| Exports | $26.173 billion (2024 est.) |
|---|---|
| Imports | $43.624 billion (2024 est.) |
| Trade balance (calculated) | Deficit of $17.5 billion (2024), calculated from the CIA export and import figures above. |
| Key industries | textiles, food processing, machine building, metallurgy, mining, hydrocarbon extraction, chemicals |
Source: CIA World Factbook, Economy section.
Shavkat Mirziyoyev — President. President Shavkat MIRZIYOYEV (since 14 December 2016)
Uzbekistan maintains 44 embassies and 1 consulates abroad. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 44 |
|---|---|
| Consulates abroad | 1 |
Source: Outbound: Consular Affairs Center (Yonsei Univ.), diplomatic & consular networks database, January 2026 report (Zenodo).
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Landlocked — no seacoast; exports move through transit corridors across neighbouring countries. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 74 + 3 heliports (registration prefix UK) |
| Railways | 4642 km |
| Pipelines | 13,700 km gas, 944 km oil (2016) |
Major airports
Bukhara International Airport (BHK) — Bukhara; Namangan International Airport (NMA) — Namangan; Nukus International Airport (NCU) — Nukus; Samarkand International Airport (SKD) — Samarkand; Tashkent International Airport (TAS) — Tashkent; Urgench International Airport (UGC) — Urgench; Andijan International Airport (AZN) — Andijan; Fergana International Airport (FEG) — Fergana; Navoi International Airport (NVI) — Navoi; Tashkent-Khumo International Airport (TVT) — Tashkent.
Showing 10 of 12 major airports.
Terminals
| River ports | Termiz (Amu Darya) |
|---|
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28); theodora.com CIA mirror (CIA World Factbook Transportation section), scraped 2026-10-02
| Political system | authoritarian rule |
|---|---|
| Next election | No election currently scheduled. |
POWER --/100 Ranked #-- of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Uzbekistan.
Historical timeline of Uzbekistan
This profile covers the population, economy, natural resources, leaders, and history of Uzbekistan — with the Bureau’s live national-power score of --/100, ranking #-- of 195 countries.
What is Uzbekistan's power score?
Uzbekistan has a Magna Power score of --/100. The score measures structural power — the proven capacity to shape events — across nine components.