Russia — Country Profile
Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Russia: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna Power score (--/100, ranked #-- of 195).
Last updated: October 2026
Russia — in North Asia bordering the Arctic Ocean, extending from Eastern Europe (the portion west of the Urals) to the North Pacific Ocean. Political status: semi-presidential federation. It covers 17,098,242 sq km. Russian SFSR renamed Russian Federation); notable earlier dates: 1157 (Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal created); 16 January 1547 (Tsardom of Muscovy established); 22 October 1721 (Russian Empire proclaimed); 30 December 1922 (Soviet Union established). Terrain: broad plain with low hills west of Urals; vast coniferous forest and tundra in Siberia; uplands and mountains along southern border r…
| Capital | Moscow |
|---|---|
| Population | 140,134,279 (2025 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $6.089 trillion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $41,700 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | 4.3% (2024 est.) |
| Inflation | 6.7% (2021 est.) |
| Unemployment | 2.6% (2024 est.) |
| Public debt | 18.5% of GDP (2023 est.) |
| Exports | $475.277 billion (2024 est.) |
| Imports | $381.45 billion (2024 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 72.3 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 42.3 years (2025 est.) |
| Urbanization | 75.3% of total population (2023) |
| Government | semi-presidential federation |
| Independence | 25 December 1991 (from the Soviet Union; Russian SFSR renamed Russian Federation); notable earlier dates: 1157 (Principality of Vladimir-Suzdal created); 16 January 1547 (Tsardom of Muscovy established); 22 October 1721 (Russian Empire proclaimed); 30 December 1922 (Soviet Union established) |
| Languages | Russian (official) 85.7%, Tatar 3.2%, Chechen 1%, other 10.1% (2010 est.) |
Russia’s GDP is $6.089 trillion (2024 est.) in purchasing-power-parity terms. At official exchange rates it stands at $2.174 trillion (2024 est.). Real GDP grew 4.3% (2024 est.). See where Russia ranks among all 195 countries by GDP.
POWER --/100 — The Magna Power score is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — nine components, 135 indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum +8 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
New Delhi was the stage: Putin drew a hard red line on European troop deployments in Ukraine and locked a $100B annual trade target with India for 2030.
Back-channel diplomacy accelerated — envoy Dmitriev in Washington in late September, Witkoff and Kushner in Moscow — while the sanctions-proofed economy kept growing. A quarter of defiance paying off.
- What our model rewards: public debt under 18% of GDP — room to maneuver; a top world supplier of Nickel and Crude oil — commodities the planet cannot do without
Natural gas, Coal, Bauxite, Rare earths, Timber.
Energy is the physical base of economic power — what a country can generate, move and burn decides what it can build, sell and defend.
| Electricity access | 100% (2022 est.) |
|---|---|
| Installed capacity mix (CIA) | fossil fuels: 61.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); nuclear: 19.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 0.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 17.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) |
| Energy consumption per capita (CIA) | 224.858 million Btu/person (2023 est.) |
| Primary energy consumption (OWID) | 9,049.1 TWh (2024) |
| Electricity generation (OWID) | 1,211.3 TWh (2024) |
| Energy per capita (OWID) | 62,485 kWh per person (2024) |
| Electricity generation mix (OWID) | Gas 44.4%, Coal 18.6%, Nuclear 17.8%, Hydro 17.4%, Oil 1.0%, Wind 0.5%, Solar 0.2% (2024) |
| Low-carbon share of electricity (OWID) | 35.9% (2024) |
| Carbon intensity of electricity (OWID) | 449.2 gCO2/kWh (2024) |
Sources: CIA World Factbook, Energy section; Our World in Data (IEA/Ember), 2024.
Trade shows what the world buys from a country and what the country must buy from the world — the balance between the two is a direct measure of economic leverage.
| Exports | $475.277 billion (2024 est.) |
|---|---|
| Imports | $381.45 billion (2024 est.) |
| Trade balance (calculated) | Surplus of $93.8 billion (2024), calculated from the CIA export and import figures above. |
| Key industries | complete range of mining and extractive industries producing coal, oil, gas, chemicals, and metals; all forms of machine building from rolling mills to high-performance aircraft and space vehicles; defense industries (including radar, missile production, advanced electronic components), shipbuilding; road and rail transportation equipment; communications equipment; agricultural machinery, tractors, and construction equipment; electric power generating and transmitting equipment; medical and scientific instruments; consumer durables, textiles, foodstuffs, handicrafts |
Source: CIA World Factbook, Economy section.
Vladimir Putin — President. President Vladimir Vladimirovich PUTIN (since 7 May 2012)
Russia maintains 143 embassies and 74 consulates abroad, hosts 150 foreign diplomatic missions, holds permanent missions to UN New York, UN Geneva, UNESCO Paris, OSCE Vienna. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 143 |
|---|---|
| Consulates abroad | 74 |
| Foreign missions hosted | 150 |
| Multilateral missions | UN New York, UN Geneva, UNESCO Paris, OSCE Vienna |
Source: Abroad: Lowy GDI 2024 via Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_diplomatic_missions . Hosted: Consular Affairs Center in-country ranking, Mar 2026 (Moscow 150). Multilateral rosters as for AUT.
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Coastal — 37653 km of coastline. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 905 + 494 heliports (registration prefix RA) |
| Major seaports | Arkhangels'k, De Kastri, Dudinka, Kaliningrad, Murmansk, Novorossiysk, Sankt-Peterburg, Vladivostok, Vyborg |
| Railways | 85494 km |
| Pipelines | 177,700 km gas, 54,800 km oil, 19,300 km refined products (2017) |
| Top container ports (TEU) | Saint Petersburg (2,042,358 TEU, 2021) |
Major airports
Abakan International Airport (ABA) — Abakan; Akhmat Kadyrov Grozny International Airport (GRV) — Grozny; Alexei Leonov Kemerovo International Airport (KEJ) — Kemerovo; Alykel International Airport (NSK) — Norilsk; Astrakhan Narimanovo Boris M. Kustodiev International Airport (ASF) — Astrakhan; Baikal International Airport (UUD) — Ulan Ude; Barnaul Gherman Titov International Airport (BAX) — Barnaul; Chita-Kadala International Airport (HTA) — Chita; Domodedovo International Airport (DME) — Moscow; Emperor Nicholas II Murmansk Airport (MMK) — Murmansk.
Showing 10 of 15 major airports.
Terminals
| LNG export terminals | Sabetta, Sakhalin Island |
|---|---|
| Oil terminals | Kavkaz oil terminal, Primorsk |
| River ports | Astrakhan, Kazan (Volga River); Rostov-on-Don (Don River); Saint Petersburg (Neva River) |
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28); theodora.com CIA mirror (CIA World Factbook Transportation section), scraped 2026-10-02
| Political system | semi-presidential republic |
|---|---|
| Last election | 2024 — presidential; 2024-03-17; winner: Vladimir Putin (Independent); 88.48% official Wikipedia |
| Next election | 2030 — presidential (scheduled) |
Source: constitutional schedule / public election calendar
POWER --/100 Ranked #-- of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Russia.
This profile covers the population, economy, natural resources, leaders, and history of Russia — with the Bureau’s live national-power score of --/100, ranking #-- of 195 countries.
What is Russia's power score?
Russia has a Magna Power score of --/100. The score measures structural power — the proven capacity to shape events — across nine components.