Portugal — Country Profile
Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Portugal: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna Power score (--/100, ranked #-- of 195).
Last updated: October 2026
Portugal — in Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain. Political status: semi-presidential republic. It covers 92,090 sq km. 1 December 1640 (independence reestablished after 60 years of Spanish rule); 5 October 1910 (republic proclaimed). Terrain: the west-flowing Tagus River divides the country: the north is mountainous toward the interior, while the south is characterized by rolling plains. Climate: maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south.
| Capital | Lisbon |
|---|---|
| Population | 10,194,277 (2025 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $448.226 billion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $41,900 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | 1.9% (2024 est.) |
| Inflation | 2.4% (2024 est.) |
| Unemployment | 6.4% (2024 est.) |
| Public debt | 125.7% of GDP (2017 est.) |
| Exports | $144.237 billion (2024 est.) |
| Imports | $136.976 billion (2024 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 81.9 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 46.8 years (2025 est.) |
| Urbanization | 67.9% of total population (2023) |
| Government | semi-presidential republic |
| Independence | 1143 (Kingdom of Portugal recognized); 1 December 1640 (independence reestablished after 60 years of Spanish rule); 5 October 1910 (republic proclaimed) |
| Languages | Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official, but locally used) |
Portugal’s GDP is $448.226 billion (2024 est.) in purchasing-power-parity terms. At official exchange rates it stands at $308.683 billion (2024 est.). Real GDP grew 1.9% (2024 est.). See where Portugal ranks among all 195 countries by GDP.
POWER --/100 — The Magna Power score is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — nine components, 135 indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum 0 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
An uneventful quarter, recorded without embellishment: no breakthrough to celebrate, no setback to mourn.
The longer forces — demographics, trade routes, regional balances — kept doing what they do, and the country rode them steadily.
- What our model rewards: inflation tamed at 2.4%; a current-account surplus of $7 billion — the world pays it more than it pays out
- What drags it down: public debt above 126% of GDP — the budget's ball and chain; fertility of 1.5 children per woman — below replacement, the cradle is emptying
Iron ore, Copper, Zinc, Tin, Tungsten, Silver, Gold, Uranium, Marble, Gypsum, Salt, Hydropower.
Energy is the physical base of economic power — what a country can generate, move and burn decides what it can build, sell and defend.
| Electricity access | 100% (2022 est.) |
|---|---|
| Installed capacity mix (CIA) | fossil fuels: 25.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 12.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 29% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 24.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); geothermal: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) |
| Energy consumption per capita (CIA) | 73.285 million Btu/person (2023 est.) |
| Primary energy consumption (OWID) | 270.2 TWh (2024) |
| Electricity generation (OWID) | 46.3 TWh (2024) |
| Energy per capita (OWID) | 25,922 kWh per person (2024) |
| Electricity generation mix (OWID) | Wind 31.1%, Hydro 30.6%, Solar 14.5%, Gas 11.8%, Oil 3.0% (2024) |
| Low-carbon share of electricity (OWID) | 85.2% (2024) |
| Carbon intensity of electricity (OWID) | 112.3 gCO2/kWh (2024) |
Sources: CIA World Factbook, Energy section; Our World in Data (IEA/Ember), 2024.
Trade shows what the world buys from a country and what the country must buy from the world — the balance between the two is a direct measure of economic leverage.
| Exports | $144.237 billion (2024 est.) |
|---|---|
| Imports | $136.976 billion (2024 est.) |
| Trade balance (calculated) | Surplus of $7.3 billion (2024), calculated from the CIA export and import figures above. |
| Key industries | textiles, clothing, footwear, wood and cork, paper and pulp, chemicals, fuels and lubricants, automobiles and auto parts, base metals, minerals, porcelain and ceramics, glassware, technology, telecommunications; dairy products, wine, other foodstuffs; ship construction and refurbishment; tourism, plastics, financial services, optics |
Source: CIA World Factbook, Economy section.
Luís Montenegro — Prime Minister. President Marcelo REBELO DE SOUSA (since 9 March 2016)
Portugal maintains 75 embassies and 42 consulates abroad, hosts 87 foreign diplomatic missions, holds permanent missions to UN New York, UN Geneva, EU Brussels, NATO Brussels, OECD Paris, UNESCO Paris, OSCE Vienna, CoE Strasbourg. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 75 |
|---|---|
| Consulates abroad | 42 |
| Foreign missions hosted | 87 |
| Multilateral missions | UN New York, UN Geneva, EU Brussels, NATO Brussels, OECD Paris, UNESCO Paris, OSCE Vienna, CoE Strasbourg |
Source: Abroad: Lowy GDI 2024 via Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_diplomatic_missions . Hosted: Consular Affairs Center in-country ranking, Mar 2026 (Lisbon 87). Multilateral rosters as for AUT.
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Coastal — 1793 km of coastline. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 128 + 65 heliports (registration prefix CR, CS) |
| Major seaports | Aveiro, Funchal, Lagos, Lisboa, Sines |
| Railways | 2526 km |
| Pipelines | 1,344 km gas, 11 km oil, 188 km refined products (2013) |
| Top container ports (TEU) | Sines (1,420,000 TEU, 2019) |
Major airports
Cristiano Ronaldo International Airport (FNC) — Funchal; Faro - Gago Coutinho International Airport (FAO) — Faro; Francisco de Sá Carneiro Airport (OPO) — Porto; João Paulo II Airport (PDL) — Ponta Delgada; Lisbon Humberto Delgado Airport (LIS) — Lisbon; Aerodromo Goncalves Lobato (Viseu Airport) (VSE) — Viseu; Bragança Airport (BGC) — Bragança; Cascais Airport (CAT) — Cascais; Flores Airport (FLW) — Santa Cruz das Flores; Graciosa Airport (GRW) — Santa Cruz da Graciosa.
Showing 10 of 15 major airports.
Terminals
| LNG import terminals | Sines |
|---|
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28); theodora.com CIA mirror (CIA World Factbook Transportation section), scraped 2026-10-02
| Political system | semi-presidential republic |
|---|---|
| Last election | 2025 — parliamentary (snap); 2025-05-18; winner: Luís Montenegro (Democratic Alliance (AD)); Snap election after Montenegro lost confidence vote over family business scandal Al Jazeera |
| Next election | 2029 — parliamentary (scheduled) |
Source: constitutional schedule / public election calendar
POWER --/100 Ranked #-- of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Portugal.
Historical timeline of Portugal
This profile covers the population, economy, natural resources, leaders, and history of Portugal — with the Bureau’s live national-power score of --/100, ranking #-- of 195 countries.
What is Portugal's power score?
Portugal has a Magna Power score of --/100. The score measures structural power — the proven capacity to shape events — across nine components.