Oman — Country Profile
Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Oman: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna Power score (--/100, ranked #-- of 195).
Last updated: October 2026
Oman — in Middle East, bordering the Arabian Sea, Gulf of Oman, and Persian Gulf, between Yemen and the UAE. Political status: absolute monarchy. It covers 309,500 sq km. Terrain: central desert plain, rugged mountains in north and south. Climate: dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south.
| Capital | Muscat |
|---|---|
| Population | 3,969,824 (2025 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $193.591 billion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $36,700 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | 1.7% (2024 est.) |
| Inflation | 1% (2023 est.) |
| Unemployment | 3.2% (2024 est.) |
| Public debt | 46.9% of GDP (2017 est.) |
| Exports | $64.749 billion (2023 est.) |
| Imports | $47.412 billion (2023 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 77.4 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 27.5 years (2025 est.) |
| Urbanization | 88.4% of total population (2023) |
| Government | absolute monarchy |
| Independence | 1650 (expulsion of the Portuguese) |
| Languages | Arabic (official), English, Baluchi, Swahili, Urdu, Indian dialects |
Oman’s GDP is $193.591 billion (2024 est.) in purchasing-power-parity terms. At official exchange rates it stands at $106.943 billion (2024 est.). Real GDP grew 1.7% (2024 est.). See where Oman ranks among all 195 countries by GDP.
POWER --/100 — The Magna Power score is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — nine components, 135 indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum 0 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
An uneventful quarter, recorded without embellishment: no breakthrough to celebrate, no setback to mourn.
The longer forces — demographics, trade routes, regional balances — kept doing what they do, and the country rode them steadily.
- What our model rewards: inflation tamed at 1.0%; a current-account surplus of $3 billion — the world pays it more than it pays out
- What drags it down: only 4% of electricity from low-carbon sources
Oil, Copper, Asbestos, Marble, Chromium, Gypsum, Natural gas.
Energy is the physical base of economic power — what a country can generate, move and burn decides what it can build, sell and defend.
| Electricity access | 100% (2022 est.) |
|---|---|
| Installed capacity mix (CIA) | fossil fuels: 96% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 3.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) |
| Energy consumption per capita (CIA) | 296.586 million Btu/person (2023 est.) |
| Primary energy consumption (OWID) | 446.9 TWh (2024) |
| Electricity generation (OWID) | 43.4 TWh (2024) |
| Energy per capita (OWID) | 84,611 kWh per person (2024) |
| Electricity generation mix (OWID) | Gas 93.1%, Solar 3.9%, Oil 2.7%, Wind 0.3% (2024) |
| Low-carbon share of electricity (OWID) | 4.2% (2024) |
| Carbon intensity of electricity (OWID) | 545.3 gCO2/kWh (2024) |
Sources: CIA World Factbook, Energy section; Our World in Data (IEA/Ember), 2024.
Trade shows what the world buys from a country and what the country must buy from the world — the balance between the two is a direct measure of economic leverage.
| Exports | $64.749 billion (2023 est.) |
|---|---|
| Imports | $47.412 billion (2023 est.) |
| Trade balance (calculated) | Surplus of $17.3 billion (2023), calculated from the CIA export and import figures above. |
| Key industries | crude oil production and refining, natural and liquefied natural gas production; construction, cement, copper, steel, chemicals, optic fiber |
Source: CIA World Factbook, Economy section.
Haitham bin Tariq — Sultan. Sultan and Prime Minister HAITHAM bin Tarik Al Said (since 11 January 2020)
Oman maintains 56 embassies and 0 consulates abroad, hosts 60 foreign diplomatic missions. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 56 |
|---|---|
| Consulates abroad | 0 |
| Foreign missions hosted | 60 |
Source: Outbound: Consular Affairs Center (Yonsei Univ.), diplomatic & consular networks database, January 2026 report (Zenodo). Hosted: Wikipedia 'List of diplomatic missions in Oman' ('currently 60 embassies in Muscat', crawled 2026-10-01).
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Coastal — 2092 km of coastline. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 37 + 20 heliports (registration prefix A4O) |
| Major seaports | Duqm, Khawr Khasab, Mina Al Fahl, Mina Raysut, Sohar |
| Pipelines | 106 km condensate, 4,224 km gas, 3,558 km oil, 33 km oil/gas/water, 264 km refined products (2013) |
| Top container ports (TEU) | Salalah (4,510,000 TEU, 2021) |
Major airports
Duqm International Airport (DQM) — Duqm; Muscat International Airport (MCT) — Muscat/Seeb; Salalah International Airport (SLL) — Salalah; Suhar International Airport (OHS) — Suhar; Khasab Airport (KHS) — Khasab.
Terminals
| LNG export terminals | Qalhat |
|---|
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28); theodora.com CIA mirror (CIA World Factbook Transportation section), scraped 2026-10-02
| Political system | absolute monarchy |
|---|---|
| Next election | No election currently scheduled. |
POWER --/100 Ranked #-- of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Oman.
This profile covers the population, economy, natural resources, leaders, and history of Oman — with the Bureau’s live national-power score of --/100, ranking #-- of 195 countries.
What is Oman's power score?
Oman has a Magna Power score of --/100. The score measures structural power — the proven capacity to shape events — across nine components.