North Macedonia — Country Profile
Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of North Macedonia: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna Power score (--/100, ranked #-- of 195).
Last updated: October 2026
North Macedonia is in Southeastern Europe, north of Greece. It covers 25,713 sq km. Terrain: mountainous with deep basins and valleys; three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River. Climate: warm, dry summers and autumns; relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall.
| Capital | Skopje |
|---|---|
| Population | 2,137,556 (2025 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $43.844 billion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $24,500 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | 2.8% (2024 est.) |
| Inflation | 3.5% (2024 est.) |
| Unemployment | 13.5% (2024 est.) |
| Public debt | 39.3% of GDP (2017 est.) |
| Exports | $10.445 billion (2024 est.) |
| Imports | $12.644 billion (2024 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 77.3 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 40.9 years (2025 est.) |
| Urbanization | 59.5% of total population (2023) |
| Government | parliamentary republic |
| Independence | 8 September 1991 (referendum endorsed independence from Yugoslavia) |
| Languages | Macedonian (official) 61.4%, Albanian (official) 24.3%, Turkish 3.4%, Romani 1.7%, other (includes Aromanian (Vlach) and Bosnian) 2%, unspecified 7.2% (2021 est.) |
North Macedonia’s GDP is $43.844 billion (2024 est.) in purchasing-power-parity terms. At official exchange rates it stands at $16.685 billion (2024 est.). Real GDP grew 2.8% (2024 est.). See where North Macedonia ranks among all 195 countries by GDP.
POWER --/100 — The Magna Power score is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — nine components, 135 indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum 0 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
Jul–Sep 2026 came and went without leaving a mark on the country's trajectory. Continuity, not change, is the story.
For a small or mid-sized state, that is often the good outcome: no shock to absorb, no crisis to manage.
- What our model rewards: inflation tamed at 3.5%; public debt under 39% of GDP — room to maneuver
- What drags it down: unemployment at 13.5%
Iron ore, Copper, Lead, Zinc, Manganese, Nickel, Tungsten, Gold, Silver, Asbestos, Gypsum, Timber.
Energy is the physical base of economic power — what a country can generate, move and burn decides what it can build, sell and defend.
| Electricity access | 100% (2022 est.) |
|---|---|
| Installed capacity mix (CIA) | fossil fuels: 68.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 4.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 2.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 24% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) |
| Energy consumption per capita (CIA) | 56.104 million Btu/person (2023 est.) |
| Primary energy consumption (OWID) | 29.6 TWh (2024) |
| Electricity generation (OWID) | 5.8 TWh (2024) |
| Energy per capita (OWID) | 16,220 kWh per person (2024) |
| Electricity generation mix (OWID) | Coal 42.8%, Hydro 23.1%, Gas 22.4%, Solar 5.5%, Wind 3.3%, Oil 1.7% (2024) |
| Low-carbon share of electricity (OWID) | 33.1% (2024) |
| Carbon intensity of electricity (OWID) | 569.0 gCO2/kWh (2024) |
Sources: CIA World Factbook, Energy section; Our World in Data (IEA/Ember), 2024.
Trade shows what the world buys from a country and what the country must buy from the world — the balance between the two is a direct measure of economic leverage.
| Exports | $10.445 billion (2024 est.) |
|---|---|
| Imports | $12.644 billion (2024 est.) |
| Trade balance (calculated) | Deficit of $2.2 billion (2024), calculated from the CIA export and import figures above. |
| Key industries | food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, iron, steel, cement, energy, pharmaceuticals, automotive parts |
Source: CIA World Factbook, Economy section.
Hristijan Mickoski — Prime Minister. President Gordana SILJANOVSKA-DAVKOVA (since 12 May 2024)
North Macedonia maintains 42 embassies and 9 consulates abroad, hosts 32 foreign diplomatic missions, holds permanent missions to UN New York, UN Geneva, NATO Brussels, UNESCO Paris, OSCE Vienna, CoE Strasbourg. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 42 |
|---|---|
| Consulates abroad | 9 |
| Foreign missions hosted | 32 |
| Multilateral missions | UN New York, UN Geneva, NATO Brussels, UNESCO Paris, OSCE Vienna, CoE Strasbourg |
Source: Abroad: Consular Affairs Center, of-country ranking, Jan 2026 (42/9), Zenodo https://zenodo.org/records/18109976/ . Hosted: Consular Affairs Center, in-country ranking, Jan 2026 (Skopje 32). Multilateral rosters as for AUT.
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Landlocked — no seacoast; exports move through transit corridors across neighbouring countries. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 13 + 13 heliports (registration prefix Z3) |
| Railways | 699 km |
Major airports
Ohrid St. Paul the Apostle Airport (OHD) — Ohrid; Skopje International Airport (SKP) — Ilinden.
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28)
| Political system | parliamentary republic |
|---|---|
| Next election | No election currently scheduled. |
POWER --/100 Ranked #-- of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for North Macedonia.
Historical timeline of North Macedonia
This profile covers the population, economy, natural resources, leaders, and history of North Macedonia — with the Bureau’s live national-power score of --/100, ranking #-- of 195 countries.
What is North Macedonia's power score?
North Macedonia has a Magna Power score of --/100. The score measures structural power — the proven capacity to shape events — across nine components.