Mexico — Country Profile
Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Mexico: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna Power score (--/100, ranked #-- of 195).
Last updated: October 2026
Mexico — in North America, bordering the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of America, between Belize and the United States and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and the United States. Political status: federal presidential republic. It covers 1,964,375 sq km. 27 September 1821 (recognized by Spain). Terrain: high, rugged mountains; low coastal plains; high plateaus; desert. Climate: varies from tropical to desert.
| Capital | Mexico City (Ciudad de Mexico) |
|---|---|
| Population | 130,739,927 (2024 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $2.883 trillion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $22,000 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | 1.5% (2024 est.) |
| Inflation | 4.7% (2024 est.) |
| Unemployment | 2.8% (2024 est.) |
| Public debt | 45.1% of GDP (2023 est.) |
| Exports | $680.798 billion (2024 est.) |
| Imports | $697.067 billion (2024 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 74.6 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 31 years (2025 est.) |
| Urbanization | 81.6% of total population (2023) |
| Government | federal presidential republic |
| Independence | 16 September 1810 (declared independence from Spain); 27 September 1821 (recognized by Spain) |
| Languages | Spanish only 93.8%, Spanish and indigenous languages (including Mayan, Nahuatl, and others) 5.4%, indigenous only 0.6%, unspecified 0.2% (2020 est.) |
Mexico’s GDP is $2.883 trillion (2024 est.) in purchasing-power-parity terms. At official exchange rates it stands at $1.853 trillion (2024 est.). Real GDP grew 1.5% (2024 est.). See where Mexico ranks among all 195 countries by GDP.
POWER --/100 — The Magna Power score is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — nine components, 135 indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum +3 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
Mexico navigated US tariff pressure inside the USMCA framework without breaking the relationship — the quarter's central test, passed.
Behind the diplomacy, the fundamentals held: record first-half FDI and falling homicides. A modestly positive quarter for a country managing a giant neighbour.
- What our model rewards: unemployment near 2.8% — work for whoever wants it; $232 billion in foreign-exchange reserves — a war chest for crises
- What drags it down: only 25% of electricity from low-carbon sources
Oil, Silver, Antimony, Copper, Gold, Lead, Zinc, Natural gas, Timber.
Energy is the physical base of economic power — what a country can generate, move and burn decides what it can build, sell and defend.
| Electricity access | 100% (2022 est.) |
|---|---|
| Installed capacity mix (CIA) | fossil fuels: 79.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); nuclear: 3.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 4.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 5.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 5.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); geothermal: 1.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) |
| Energy consumption per capita (CIA) | 57.539 million Btu/person (2023 est.) |
| Primary energy consumption (OWID) | 2,310.2 TWh (2024) |
| Electricity generation (OWID) | 361.3 TWh (2024) |
| Energy per capita (OWID) | 17,654 kWh per person (2024) |
| Electricity generation mix (OWID) | Gas 60.8%, Oil 7.9%, Solar 7.6%, Hydro 6.5%, Coal 6.0%, Wind 5.8%, Nuclear 3.4% (2024) |
| Low-carbon share of electricity (OWID) | 25.3% (2024) |
| Carbon intensity of electricity (OWID) | 484.8 gCO2/kWh (2024) |
Sources: CIA World Factbook, Energy section; Our World in Data (IEA/Ember), 2024.
Trade shows what the world buys from a country and what the country must buy from the world — the balance between the two is a direct measure of economic leverage.
| Exports | $680.798 billion (2024 est.) |
|---|---|
| Imports | $697.067 billion (2024 est.) |
| Trade balance (calculated) | Deficit of $16.3 billion (2024), calculated from the CIA export and import figures above. |
| Key industries | food and beverages, tobacco, chemicals, iron and steel, petroleum, mining, textiles, clothing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, tourism |
Source: CIA World Factbook, Economy section.
Claudia Sheinbaum — President. President Claudia SHEINBAUM Pardo (since 1 October 2024)
Mexico maintains 80 embassies and 71 consulates abroad, hosts 86 foreign diplomatic missions, holds permanent missions to UN New York, OAS Washington. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 80 |
|---|---|
| Consulates abroad | 71 |
| Foreign missions hosted | 86 |
| Multilateral missions | UN New York, OAS Washington |
Source: Lowy Institute Global Diplomacy Index 2024 via Wikipedia 'List of countries by number of diplomatic missions' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_diplomatic_missions ; hosted: Consular Affairs Center Jan 2026 report (in-country ranking) https://zenodo.org/records/18109976
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Coastal — 9330 km of coastline. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 1580 + 488 heliports (registration prefix XA) |
| Major seaports | Acapulco, Ensenada, Manzanillo, Mazatlan, Tampico, Tuxpan, Veracruz |
| Railways | 23389 km |
Major airports
Abraham González International Airport (CJS) — Ciudad Juárez; Adolfo López Mateos International Airport (TLC) — Toluca; Aguascalientes International Airport (AGU) — Aguascalientes; Bachigualato Federal International Airport (CUL) — Culiacán; Bahías de Huatulco International Airport (HUX) — Huatulco; Cancún International Airport (CUN) — Cancún; Carlos Rovirosa Pérez International Airport (VSA) — Villahermosa; Cozumel International Airport (CZM) — Cozumel; Felipe Carrillo Puerto International Airport Tulum (TQO) — Tulum; Felipe Ángeles International Airport (NLU) — Mexico City.
Showing 10 of 15 major airports.
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28)
| Political system | federal presidential republic |
|---|---|
| Next election | No election currently scheduled. |
POWER --/100 Ranked #-- of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Mexico.
This profile covers the population, economy, natural resources, leaders, and history of Mexico — with the Bureau’s live national-power score of --/100, ranking #-- of 195 countries.
What is Mexico's power score?
Mexico has a Magna Power score of --/100. The score measures structural power — the proven capacity to shape events — across nine components.