Lebanon — Country Profile
Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Lebanon: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna Power score (--/100, ranked #-- of 195).
Last updated: October 2026
Lebanon is in Middle East, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Israel and Syria. It covers 10,400 sq km. Terrain: narrow coastal plain; El Beqaa (Bekaa Valley) separates Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon Mountains. Climate: Mediterranean; mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry summers; the Lebanon Mountains experience heavy winter snows.
| Capital | Beirut |
|---|---|
| Population | 5,364,482 (2024 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $65.415 billion (2023 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $11,300 (2023 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | -0.8% (2023 est.) |
| Inflation | 45.2% (2024 est.) |
| Unemployment | 11.6% (2023 est.) |
| Public debt | 146.8% of GDP (2017 est.) |
| Exports | $11.77 billion (2023 est.) |
| Imports | $23.313 billion (2023 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 79.2 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 29.4 years (2025 est.) |
| Urbanization | 89.4% of total population (2023) |
| Government | parliamentary democratic republic |
| Independence | 22 November 1943 (from League of Nations mandate under French administration) |
| Languages | Arabic (official), French, English, Armenian |
Lebanon’s GDP is $65.415 billion (2023 est.) in purchasing-power-parity terms. At official exchange rates it stands at $20.079 billion (2023 est.). Real GDP grew -0.8% (2023 est.). See where Lebanon ranks among all 195 countries by GDP.
POWER --/100 — The Magna Power score is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — nine components, 135 indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum 0 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
An uneventful quarter, recorded without embellishment: no breakthrough to celebrate, no setback to mourn.
The longer forces — demographics, trade routes, regional balances — kept doing what they do, and the country rode them steadily.
- What drags it down: graded on patchy data (93% complete) — read the score as an order of magnitude; public debt above 147% of GDP — the budget's ball and chain
Iron ore, Salt.
Energy is the physical base of economic power — what a country can generate, move and burn decides what it can build, sell and defend.
| Electricity access | 100% (2022 est.) |
|---|---|
| Installed capacity mix (CIA) | fossil fuels: 52.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 31% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 15.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) |
| Energy consumption per capita (CIA) | 43.105 million Btu/person (2023 est.) |
| Primary energy consumption (OWID) | 72.9 TWh (2023) |
| Electricity generation (OWID) | 4.5 TWh (2023) |
| Energy per capita (OWID) | 12,633 kWh per person (2023) |
| Electricity generation mix (OWID) | Oil 52.7%, Solar 31.0%, Hydro 15.5%, Wind 0.2% (2023) |
| Low-carbon share of electricity (OWID) | 47.3% (2023) |
| Carbon intensity of electricity (OWID) | 369.5 gCO2/kWh (2023) |
Sources: CIA World Factbook, Energy section; Our World in Data (IEA/Ember), 2023.
Trade shows what the world buys from a country and what the country must buy from the world — the balance between the two is a direct measure of economic leverage.
| Exports | $11.77 billion (2023 est.) |
|---|---|
| Imports | $23.313 billion (2023 est.) |
| Trade balance (calculated) | Deficit of $11.5 billion (2023), calculated from the CIA export and import figures above. |
| Key industries | banking, tourism, real estate and construction, food processing, wine, jewelry, cement, textiles, mineral and chemical products, wood and furniture products, oil refining, metal fabricating |
Source: CIA World Factbook, Economy section.
Nawaf Salam — Prime Minister. President Joseph AOUN (since 9 January 2025)
Lebanon maintains 70 embassies and 14 consulates abroad. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 70 |
|---|---|
| Consulates abroad | 14 |
Source: Outbound: Consular Affairs Center (Yonsei Univ.), diplomatic & consular networks database, March 2026 report (Zenodo).
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Coastal — 225 km of coastline. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 8 + 27 heliports (registration prefix OD) |
| Major seaports | Bayrut, Sayda, Selaata, Sidon/zahrani Terminal, Tarabulus |
| Railways | 401 km |
| Pipelines | 88 km gas (2013) |
| Top container ports (TEU) | Beirut (1,229,100 TEU, 2019) |
Major airports
Beirut Rafic Hariri International Airport (BEY) — Beirut.
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28); theodora.com CIA mirror (CIA World Factbook Transportation section), scraped 2026-10-02
| Political system | parliamentary republic |
|---|---|
| Next election | No election currently scheduled. |
POWER --/100 Ranked #-- of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Lebanon.
Historical timeline of Lebanon
This profile covers the population, economy, natural resources, leaders, and history of Lebanon — with the Bureau’s live national-power score of --/100, ranking #-- of 195 countries.
What is Lebanon's power score?
Lebanon has a Magna Power score of --/100. The score measures structural power — the proven capacity to shape events — across nine components.