Finland — Country Profile
Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Finland: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna Power score (--/100, ranked #-- of 195).
Last updated: October 2026
Finland is in Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, and Gulf of Finland, between Sweden and Russia. It covers 338,145 sq km. Terrain: mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills. Climate: cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes.
| Capital | Helsinki |
|---|---|
| Population | 5,550,449 (2025 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $313.591 billion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $55,600 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | -0.2% (2024 est.) |
| Inflation | 1.6% (2024 est.) |
| Unemployment | 8.3% (2024 est.) |
| Public debt | 61.3% of GDP (2017 est.) |
| Exports | $124.531 billion (2024 est.) |
| Imports | $122.644 billion (2024 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 82.2 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 44 years (2025 est.) |
| Urbanization | 85.8% of total population (2023) |
| Government | parliamentary republic |
| Independence | 6 December 1917 (from Russia) |
| Languages | Finnish (official) 85.9%, Swedish (official) 5.2%, Russian 1.7%, other 7.2% (2022 est.) |
Finland’s GDP is $313.591 billion (2024 est.) in purchasing-power-parity terms. At official exchange rates it stands at $299.836 billion (2024 est.). Real GDP grew -0.2% (2024 est.). See where Finland ranks among all 195 countries by GDP.
POWER --/100 — The Magna Power score is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — nine components, 135 indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum 0 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
Frontline-state steadiness: NATO integration deepened, F-35 deliveries proceeded, and the corporate-tax cut decision signalled a government playing the long game.
No quarter-defining event — Finland's score rests on institutions and alliance weight, both intact.
- What our model rewards: inflation tamed at 1.6%; 95% of its electricity from low-carbon sources
- What drags it down: fertility of 1.3 children per woman — below replacement, the cradle is emptying
Timber, Iron ore, Copper, Lead, Zinc, Nickel, Gold, Silver.
Energy is the physical base of economic power — what a country can generate, move and burn decides what it can build, sell and defend.
| Electricity access | 100% (2022 est.) |
|---|---|
| Installed capacity mix (CIA) | fossil fuels: 5.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); nuclear: 41.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 0.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 18.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 19.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) |
| Energy consumption per capita (CIA) | 183.54 million Btu/person (2023 est.) |
| Primary energy consumption (OWID) | 334.6 TWh (2024) |
| Electricity generation (OWID) | 83.6 TWh (2024) |
| Energy per capita (OWID) | 59,565 kWh per person (2024) |
| Electricity generation mix (OWID) | Nuclear 39.1%, Wind 24.4%, Hydro 17.1%, Oil 3.9%, Solar 1.5%, Coal 0.8%, Gas 0.8% (2024) |
| Low-carbon share of electricity (OWID) | 94.5% (2024) |
| Carbon intensity of electricity (OWID) | 72.2 gCO2/kWh (2024) |
Sources: CIA World Factbook, Energy section; Our World in Data (IEA/Ember), 2024.
Trade shows what the world buys from a country and what the country must buy from the world — the balance between the two is a direct measure of economic leverage.
| Exports | $124.531 billion (2024 est.) |
|---|---|
| Imports | $122.644 billion (2024 est.) |
| Trade balance (calculated) | Surplus of $1.9 billion (2024), calculated from the CIA export and import figures above. |
| Key industries | metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing |
Source: CIA World Factbook, Economy section.
Petteri Orpo — Prime Minister. President Alexander STUBB (since 1 March 2024)
Finland maintains 74 embassies and 6 consulates abroad, hosts 63 foreign diplomatic missions, holds permanent missions to UN New York, UN Geneva, EU Brussels, NATO Brussels, OECD Paris, UNESCO Paris, OSCE Vienna, CoE Strasbourg. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 74 |
|---|---|
| Consulates abroad | 6 |
| Foreign missions hosted | 63 |
| Multilateral missions | UN New York, UN Geneva, EU Brussels, NATO Brussels, OECD Paris, UNESCO Paris, OSCE Vienna, CoE Strasbourg |
Source: Abroad: Lowy GDI 2024 via Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_diplomatic_missions . Hosted: Consular Affairs Center in-country ranking, Jan 2026 (Helsinki 63). Multilateral rosters as for AUT.
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Coastal — 1250 km of coastline. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 98 + 17 heliports (registration prefix OH) |
| Major seaports | Helsinki, Kaskinen, Kokkola, Kotka, Kristinestad, Mantyluoto, Oulu, Pietarsaari, Pori, Rauma, Turku, Vaasa |
| Railways | 5918 km |
| Pipelines | 1,288 km gas transmission pipes, 1,976 km distribution pipes (2016) |
Major airports
Helsinki Vantaa Airport (HEL) — Helsinki (Vantaa); Ivalo Airport (IVL) — Ivalo; Kittilä International Airport (KTT) — Kittilä; Kuopio Airport (KUO) — Kuopio / Siilinjärvi; Lappeenranta Airport (LPP) — Lappeenranta; Oulu Airport (OUL) — Oulu / Oulunsalo; Rovaniemi Airport (RVN) — Rovaniemi; Tampere-Pirkkala Airport (TMP) — Tampere / Pirkkala; Turku Airport (TKU) — Turku; Vaasa Airport (VAA) — Vaasa.
Showing 10 of 15 major airports.
Terminals
| LNG import terminals | Hamina, Inkoo (operational 2023), Pori, Tornio Manga |
|---|
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28); theodora.com CIA mirror (CIA World Factbook Transportation section), scraped 2026-10-02
| Political system | parliamentary republic |
|---|---|
| Last election | 2023 — parliamentary; 2023-04-02; winner: Petteri Orpo (National Coalition); NCP 20.8%, 48 seats; tight 3-way race vaticannews.va |
| Next election | 2027 — parliamentary (scheduled) |
Source: constitutional schedule / public election calendar
POWER --/100 Ranked #-- of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Finland.
Historical timeline of Finland
This profile covers the population, economy, natural resources, leaders, and history of Finland — with the Bureau’s live national-power score of --/100, ranking #-- of 195 countries.
What is Finland's power score?
Finland has a Magna Power score of --/100. The score measures structural power — the proven capacity to shape events — across nine components.