Ethiopia — Country Profile
Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Ethiopia: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna Power score (--/100, ranked #-- of 195).
Last updated: October 2026
Ethiopia — in Eastern Africa, west of Somalia. Political status: federal parliamentary republic. It covers 1,104,300 sq km. may be traced to the Aksumite Kingdom, which appeared in the first century B.C.. Terrain: high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley. Climate: tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation.
| Capital | Addis Ababa |
|---|---|
| Population | 121,372,632 (2025 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $380.895 billion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $2,900 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | 7.3% (2024 est.) |
| Inflation | 21% (2024 est.) |
| Unemployment | 3.4% (2024 est.) |
| Public debt | 31.4% of GDP (2019 est.) |
| Exports | $10.865 billion (2023 est.) |
| Imports | $22.951 billion (2023 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 67.7 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 20.6 years (2025 est.) |
| Urbanization | 23.2% of total population (2023) |
| Government | federal parliamentary republic |
| Independence | oldest independent country in Africa and one of the oldest in the world, at least 2,000 years; may be traced to the Aksumite Kingdom, which appeared in the first century B.C. |
| Languages | Oromo (official regional working language) 33.8%, Amharic (official national language) 29.3%, Somali (official regional working language) 6.2%, Tigrigna (Tigrinya) (official regional working language) 5.9%, Sidamo 4%, Wolaytta 2.2%, Gurage 2%, Afar (official regional working language) 1.7%, Hadiyya 1.7%, Gamo 1.5%, Gedeo 1.3%, Opuuo 1.2%, Kafa 1.1%, other 8.1%, English (2007 est.) |
Ethiopia’s GDP is $380.895 billion (2024 est.) in purchasing-power-parity terms. At official exchange rates it stands at $126.773 billion (2022 est.). Real GDP grew 7.3% (2024 est.). See where Ethiopia ranks among all 195 countries by GDP.
POWER --/100 — The Magna Power score is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — nine components, 135 indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum 0 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
An uneventful quarter, recorded without embellishment: no breakthrough to celebrate, no setback to mourn.
The longer forces — demographics, trade routes, regional balances — kept doing what they do, and the country rode them steadily.
- What our model rewards: 100% of its electricity from low-carbon sources; unemployment near 3.4% — work for whoever wants it
- What drags it down: a median age of 21 — a nation of children, its workforce still in the classroom; fertility of 3.8 children per woman — far above replacement, a cradle overflowing faster than schools can keep up
Platinum, Copper, Potash, Natural gas, Hydropower.
Energy is the physical base of economic power — what a country can generate, move and burn decides what it can build, sell and defend.
| Electricity access | 55% (2022 est.) |
|---|---|
| Installed capacity mix (CIA) | solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 3.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 96.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); geothermal: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) |
| Energy consumption per capita (CIA) | 2.366 million Btu/person (2023 est.) |
| Primary energy consumption (OWID) | 89.2 TWh (2023) |
| Electricity generation (OWID) | 18.3 TWh (2023) |
| Energy per capita (OWID) | 693 kWh per person (2023) |
| Electricity generation mix (OWID) | Hydro 96.5%, Wind 3.1%, Solar 0.2% (2023) |
| Low-carbon share of electricity (OWID) | 100.0% (2023) |
| Carbon intensity of electricity (OWID) | 23.5 gCO2/kWh (2023) |
Sources: CIA World Factbook, Energy section; Our World in Data (IEA/Ember), 2023.
Trade shows what the world buys from a country and what the country must buy from the world — the balance between the two is a direct measure of economic leverage.
| Exports | $10.865 billion (2023 est.) |
|---|---|
| Imports | $22.951 billion (2023 est.) |
| Trade balance (calculated) | Deficit of $12.1 billion (2023), calculated from the CIA export and import figures above. |
| Key industries | food processing, beverages, textiles, leather, garments, chemicals, metals processing, cement |
Source: CIA World Factbook, Economy section.
Abiy Ahmed — Prime Minister. President TAYE Atske Selassie (since 7 October 2024)
Ethiopia maintains 43 embassies and 9 consulates abroad, hosts 115 foreign diplomatic missions, holds permanent missions to UN New York, AU Addis Ababa. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 43 |
|---|---|
| Consulates abroad | 9 |
| Foreign missions hosted | 115 |
| Multilateral missions | UN New York, AU Addis Ababa |
Source: Consular Affairs Center, Diplomatic and Consular Networks Database and Rankings, January 2026 (Zenodo, CC BY 4.0). https://zenodo.org/records/18109976
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Landlocked — no seacoast; exports move through transit corridors across neighbouring countries. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 58 + 1 heliports (registration prefix ET) |
| Railways | 659 km |
Major airports
Aba Tenna Dejazmach Yilma International Airport (DIR) — Dire Dawa; Addis Ababa Bole International Airport (ADD) — Addis Ababa; Gerad Wilwal International Airport (JIJ) — Jijiga; Hawassa International Airport (AWA) — Hawassa; Arba Minch Airport (AMH) — Arba Minch; Asosa Airport (ASO) — Asosa; Axum Airport (AXU) — Axum; Bahir Dar Airport (BJR) — Bahir Dar; Gambela Airport (GMB) — Gambela; Gode Airport (GDE) — Gode.
Showing 10 of 15 major airports.
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28); theodora.com CIA mirror (CIA World Factbook Transportation section), scraped 2026-10-02
| Political system | federal parliamentary republic |
|---|---|
| Next election | No election currently scheduled. |
POWER --/100 Ranked #-- of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Ethiopia.
Historical timeline of Ethiopia
This profile covers the population, economy, natural resources, leaders, and history of Ethiopia — with the Bureau’s live national-power score of --/100, ranking #-- of 195 countries.
What is Ethiopia's power score?
Ethiopia has a Magna Power score of --/100. The score measures structural power — the proven capacity to shape events — across nine components.