Croatia — Country Profile
Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Croatia: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna Power score (--/100, ranked #-- of 195).
Last updated: October 2026
Croatia is in Southeastern Europe, bordering the Adriatic Sea, between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Slovenia. It covers 56,594 sq km. Notable earlier dates: ca. 925 (Kingdom of Croatia established), 1 December 1918 (Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes established, later became Yugoslavia). Terrain: geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands. Climate: Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast.
| Capital | Zagreb |
|---|---|
| Population | 4,071,208 (2025 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $164.825 billion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $42,600 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | 3.8% (2024 est.) |
| Inflation | 3% (2024 est.) |
| Unemployment | 5.3% (2024 est.) |
| Public debt | 75.6% of GDP (2023 est.) |
| Exports | $46.601 billion (2024 est.) |
| Imports | $49.86 billion (2024 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 77.7 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 44.9 years (2025 est.) |
| Urbanization | 58.6% of total population (2023) |
| Government | parliamentary republic |
| Independence | 25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia); notable earlier dates: ca. 925 (Kingdom of Croatia established), 1 December 1918 (Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes established, later became Yugoslavia) |
| Languages | Croatian (official) 95.2%, Serbian 1.2%, other 3.1% (including Bosnian, Romani, Albanian, and Italian) unspecified 0.5% (2021 est.) |
Croatia’s GDP is $164.825 billion (2024 est.) in purchasing-power-parity terms. At official exchange rates it stands at $92.526 billion (2024 est.). Real GDP grew 3.8% (2024 est.). See where Croatia ranks among all 195 countries by GDP.
POWER --/100 — The Magna Power score is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — nine components, 135 indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum 0 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
The quarter passed without decisive turns. Governance continued, markets functioned, and the score reflects that uneventfulness.
For countries like this, the real story is always the slow one — and this quarter added no new chapter to it.
- What our model rewards: inflation tamed at 3.0%; unemployment near 5.3% — work for whoever wants it
- What drags it down: fertility of 1.4 children per woman — below replacement, the cradle is emptying; public debt above 76% of GDP — the budget's ball and chain
Oil, Bauxite, Iron ore, Gypsum, Mica, Salt, Hydropower.
Energy is the physical base of economic power — what a country can generate, move and burn decides what it can build, sell and defend.
| Electricity access | 100% (2022 est.) |
|---|---|
| Installed capacity mix (CIA) | fossil fuels: 31.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 1.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 14.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 48.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); geothermal: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) |
| Energy consumption per capita (CIA) | 79.907 million Btu/person (2023 est.) |
| Primary energy consumption (OWID) | 103.1 TWh (2024) |
| Electricity generation (OWID) | 15.4 TWh (2024) |
| Energy per capita (OWID) | 26,616 kWh per person (2024) |
| Electricity generation mix (OWID) | Hydro 44.2%, Gas 21.6%, Wind 16.1%, Solar 5.6%, Coal 5.5% (2024) |
| Low-carbon share of electricity (OWID) | 72.9% (2024) |
| Carbon intensity of electricity (OWID) | 174.5 gCO2/kWh (2024) |
Sources: CIA World Factbook, Energy section; Our World in Data (IEA/Ember), 2024.
Trade shows what the world buys from a country and what the country must buy from the world — the balance between the two is a direct measure of economic leverage.
| Exports | $46.601 billion (2024 est.) |
|---|---|
| Imports | $49.86 billion (2024 est.) |
| Trade balance (calculated) | Deficit of $3.3 billion (2024), calculated from the CIA export and import figures above. |
| Key industries | chemicals and plastics, machine tools, fabricated metal, electronics, pig iron and rolled steel products, aluminum, paper, wood products, construction materials, textiles, shipbuilding, petroleum and petroleum refining, food and beverages, tourism |
Source: CIA World Factbook, Economy section.
Andrej Plenković — Prime Minister. President Zoran MILANOVIC (since 18 February 2020)
Croatia maintains 56 embassies and 26 consulates abroad, hosts 56 foreign diplomatic missions, holds permanent missions to UN New York, UN Geneva, EU Brussels, NATO Brussels, UNESCO Paris, OSCE Vienna, CoE Strasbourg. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 56 |
|---|---|
| Consulates abroad | 26 |
| Foreign missions hosted | 56 |
| Multilateral missions | UN New York, UN Geneva, EU Brussels, NATO Brussels, UNESCO Paris, OSCE Vienna, CoE Strasbourg |
Source: Abroad: Consular Affairs Center, of-country ranking, Mar 2026 (56/26), Zenodo https://zenodo.org/records/18917562/ . Hosted: Consular Affairs Center, in-country ranking, Jan 2026 (Zagreb 56); Croatian MFA protocol guide (Feb 2025) cited 57 resident embassies https://mvep.gov.hr/UserDocsImages//2025/datoteke//Protokolarni%20vodi%C4%8D%20(2024,%20tekst)eng,%2006.02.2025..pdf . Multilateral rosters as for AUT.
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Coastal — 5835 km of coastline. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 45 + 7 heliports (registration prefix 9A) |
| Major seaports | Bakar, Dubrovnik, Omisalj, Rijeka Luka, Rovinj, Sibenik, Split, Zadar |
| Railways | 2617 km |
Major airports
Dubrovnik Ruđer Bošković Airport (DBV) — Dubrovnik; Pula Airport (PUY) — Pula; Rijeka Airport (RJK) — Rijeka(Omišalj); Split Saint Jerome Airport (SPU) — Split; Zadar Airport (ZAD) — Zadar; Zagreb Franjo Tuđman International Airport (ZAG) — Velika Gorica; Brač Airport (BWK) — Gornji Humac; Osijek Airport (OSI) — Osijek(Klisa).
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28)
| Political system | parliamentary republic |
|---|---|
| Last election | 2025 — presidential; 2025-01-12 (runoff; first round 2024-12-29); winner: Zoran Milanović (Independent (backed by left opposition)); Re-elected for second term; cohabitation with HDZ PM Andrej Plenković continues Al Jazeera |
| Next election | 2028 — parliamentary (scheduled) |
Source: constitutional schedule / public election calendar
POWER --/100 Ranked #-- of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Croatia.
Historical timeline of Croatia
This profile covers the population, economy, natural resources, leaders, and history of Croatia — with the Bureau’s live national-power score of --/100, ranking #-- of 195 countries.
What is Croatia's power score?
Croatia has a Magna Power score of --/100. The score measures structural power — the proven capacity to shape events — across nine components.