Brazil — Country Profile
Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Brazil: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna Power score (--/100, ranked #-- of 195).
Last updated: October 2026
Brazil — in Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean. Political status: federal presidential republic. It covers 8,515,770 sq km. Terrain: mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills, mountains, and narrow coastal belt. Climate: mostly tropical, but temperate in south.
| Capital | Brasília |
|---|---|
| Population | 221,359,387 (2025 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $4.165 trillion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $19,600 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | 3.4% (2024 est.) |
| Inflation | 4.4% (2024 est.) |
| Unemployment | 7.7% (2024 est.) |
| Public debt | 83% of GDP (2023 est.) |
| Exports | $388.333 billion (2024 est.) |
| Imports | $377.05 billion (2024 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 76.3 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 35.4 years (2025 est.) |
| Urbanization | 87.8% of total population (2023) |
| Government | federal presidential republic |
| Independence | 7 September 1822 (from Portugal) |
| Languages | Portuguese (official and most widely spoken language); less common languages include Spanish (border areas and schools), German, Italian, Japanese, English, and many minor Amerindian languages |
Brazil’s GDP is $4.165 trillion (2024 est.) in purchasing-power-parity terms. At official exchange rates it stands at $2.179 trillion (2024 est.). Real GDP grew 3.4% (2024 est.). See where Brazil ranks among all 195 countries by GDP.
POWER --/100 — The Magna Power score is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — nine components, 135 indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum +4 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
Lula carried Brazil's Global South voice to the New Delhi BRICS summit, cementing the country's role as the bloc's Latin American anchor.
A quiet-but-solid quarter: no domestic shocks, steady external positioning. Momentum mildly positive on the back of summit diplomacy.
- What our model rewards: the world's #11 military power; $330 billion in foreign-exchange reserves — a war chest for crises
- What drags it down: public debt above 83% of GDP — the budget's ball and chain
Bauxite, Gold, Iron ore, Manganese, Nickel, Niobium, Phosphates, Platinum, Tantalum, Tin, Rare earths, Uranium, Oil, Hydropower, Timber.
Energy is the physical base of economic power — what a country can generate, move and burn decides what it can build, sell and defend.
| Electricity access | 100% (2022 est.) |
|---|---|
| Installed capacity mix (CIA) | fossil fuels: 8.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); nuclear: 2.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 6.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 13.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 60.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) |
| Energy consumption per capita (CIA) | 48.889 million Btu/person (2023 est.) |
| Primary energy consumption (OWID) | 3,919.1 TWh (2024) |
| Electricity generation (OWID) | 745.3 TWh (2024) |
| Energy per capita (OWID) | 18,486 kWh per person (2024) |
| Electricity generation mix (OWID) | Hydro 55.7%, Wind 14.5%, Solar 10.0%, Gas 6.4%, Nuclear 2.1%, Coal 2.1%, Oil 1.7% (2024) |
| Low-carbon share of electricity (OWID) | 89.8% (2024) |
| Carbon intensity of electricity (OWID) | 103.2 gCO2/kWh (2024) |
Sources: CIA World Factbook, Energy section; Our World in Data (IEA/Ember), 2024.
Trade shows what the world buys from a country and what the country must buy from the world — the balance between the two is a direct measure of economic leverage.
| Exports | $388.333 billion (2024 est.) |
|---|---|
| Imports | $377.05 billion (2024 est.) |
| Trade balance (calculated) | Surplus of $11.3 billion (2024), calculated from the CIA export and import figures above. |
| Key industries | textiles, shoes, chemicals, cement, lumber, iron ore, tin, steel, aircraft, motor vehicles and parts, other machinery and equipment |
Source: CIA World Factbook, Economy section.
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva — President. President Luiz Inácio LULA da Silva (since 1 January 2023)
Brazil maintains 135 embassies and 58 consulates abroad, hosts 130 foreign diplomatic missions, holds permanent missions to UN New York, OAS Washington. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 135 |
|---|---|
| Consulates abroad | 58 |
| Foreign missions hosted | 130 |
| Multilateral missions | UN New York, OAS Washington |
Source: Lowy Institute Global Diplomacy Index 2024 via Wikipedia 'List of countries by number of diplomatic missions' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_diplomatic_missions ; hosted: Consular Affairs Center Jan 2026 report (in-country ranking) https://zenodo.org/records/18109976
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Coastal — 7491 km of coastline. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 5297 + 1871 heliports (registration prefix PP) |
| Major seaports | Belem, DTSE/Gegua Oil Terminal, Itajai, Port de Salvador, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande, Santos, Tubarao, Vitoria |
| Railways | 29849.9 km |
| Pipelines | 5,959 km refined petroleum product (1,165 km distribution, 4,794 km transport), 11,696 km natural gas (2,274 km distribution, 9,422 km transport), 1,985 km crude oil (distribution), 77 km ethanol/petrochemical (37 km distribution, 40 km transport) (2016) |
| Top container ports (TEU) | Santos (4,442,876 TEU, 2021); Itajai (1,610,092 TEU, 2021); Paranagua (1,044,157 TEU, 2021) |
Major airports
Atlas Brasil Cantanhede International Airport (BVB) — Boa Vista; Cataratas International Airport (IGU) — Foz do Iguaçu; Congonhas–Deputado Freitas Nobre Airport (CGH) — São Paulo; Curitiba-Afonso Pena International Airport (CWB) — Curitiba; Deputado Luiz Eduardo Magalhães International Airport (SSA) — Salvador; Eduardo Gomes International Airport (MAO) — Manaus; Eurico de Aguiar Salles International Airport (VIX) — Vitória; Governador Jorge Teixeira de Oliveira International Airport (PVH) — Porto Velho; Hercílio Luz International Airport (FLN) — Florianópolis; Marechal Cunha Machado International Airport (SLZ) — São Luís.
Showing 10 of 15 major airports.
Terminals
| LNG import terminals | Pecem, Rio de Janiero |
|---|---|
| Oil terminals | DTSE/Gegua oil terminal, Ilha Grande (Gebig), Guaiba Island terminal, Guamare oil terminal |
| River ports | Manaus (Amazon) |
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28); theodora.com CIA mirror (CIA World Factbook Transportation section), scraped 2026-10-02
| Political system | federal presidential republic |
|---|---|
| Last election | 2022 — presidential; 2022-10-30; winner: Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (Workers' Party); runoff 50.9% vs Bolsonaro; 2026 general election scheduled 2026-10-04 Wikipedia |
| Next election | 2026 — presidential (scheduled) |
Source: constitutional schedule / public election calendar
POWER --/100 Ranked #-- of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Brazil.
This profile covers the population, economy, natural resources, leaders, and history of Brazil — with the Bureau’s live national-power score of --/100, ranking #-- of 195 countries.
What is Brazil's power score?
Brazil has a Magna Power score of --/100. The score measures structural power — the proven capacity to shape events — across nine components.