Somalia — Country Profile
Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Somalia: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna Power score (--/100, ranked #-- of 195).
Last updated: October 2026
Somalia — in Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, east of Ethiopia. Political status: federal parliamentary republic. It covers 637,657 sq km. Terrain: mostly flat to undulating plateau rising to hills in north. Climate: principally desert; northeast monsoon (December to February), moderate temperatures in north and hot in south; southwest monsoon (May to October), torrid in t…
| Capital | Mogadishu |
|---|---|
| Population | 20,324,160 (2025 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $26.77 billion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $1,400 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | 4% (2024 est.) |
| Inflation | 6.8% (2022 est.) |
| Unemployment | 18.9% (2024 est.) |
| Public debt | 93% of GDP (2014 est.) |
| Exports | $2.424 billion (2024 est.) |
| Imports | $9.002 billion (2024 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 56.5 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 15.7 years (2025 est.) |
| Urbanization | 47.9% of total population (2023) |
| Government | federal parliamentary republic |
| Independence | 1 July 1960 (from a merger of British Somaliland, which became independent from the UK on 26 June 1960, and Italian Somaliland, which became independent from the Italian-administered UN trusteeship on 1 July 1960 to form the Somali Republic) |
| Languages | Somali (official), Arabic (official), Italian, English |
Somalia’s GDP is $26.77 billion (2024 est.) in purchasing-power-parity terms. At official exchange rates it stands at $12.109 billion (2024 est.). Real GDP grew 4% (2024 est.). See where Somalia ranks among all 195 countries by GDP.
POWER --/100 — The Magna Power score is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — nine components, 135 indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum 0 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
The quarter passed without decisive turns. Governance continued, markets functioned, and the score reflects that uneventfulness.
For countries like this, the real story is always the slow one — and this quarter added no new chapter to it.
- What drags it down: graded on patchy data (82% complete) — read the score as an order of magnitude; unemployment at 18.9%
Iron ore, Tin, Gypsum, Bauxite, Copper, Salt, Natural gas.
Energy is the physical base of economic power — what a country can generate, move and burn decides what it can build, sell and defend.
| Electricity access | 48.9% (2022 est.) |
|---|---|
| Installed capacity mix (CIA) | fossil fuels: 82.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 16% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 1.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) |
| Energy consumption per capita (CIA) | 649,000 Btu/person (2023 est.) |
| Primary energy consumption (OWID) | 3.5 TWh (2023) |
| Electricity generation (OWID) | 0.4 TWh (2023) |
| Energy per capita (OWID) | 190 kWh per person (2023) |
| Electricity generation mix (OWID) | Oil 81.0%, Solar 16.7%, Wind 2.4% (2023) |
| Low-carbon share of electricity (OWID) | 19.0% (2023) |
| Carbon intensity of electricity (OWID) | 523.8 gCO2/kWh (2023) |
Sources: CIA World Factbook, Energy section; Our World in Data (IEA/Ember), 2023.
Trade shows what the world buys from a country and what the country must buy from the world — the balance between the two is a direct measure of economic leverage.
| Exports | $2.424 billion (2024 est.) |
|---|---|
| Imports | $9.002 billion (2024 est.) |
| Trade balance (calculated) | Deficit of $6.6 billion (2024), calculated from the CIA export and import figures above. |
| Key industries | light industries, including sugar refining, textiles, wireless communication |
Source: CIA World Factbook, Economy section.
Hassan Sheikh Mohamud — President. President HASSAN SHEIKH Mohamud (since 23 May 2022)
Somalia maintains 39 embassies and 2 consulates abroad, hosts 16 foreign diplomatic missions, holds permanent missions to UN New York, AU Addis Ababa. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 39 |
|---|---|
| Consulates abroad | 2 |
| Foreign missions hosted | 16 |
| Multilateral missions | UN New York, AU Addis Ababa |
Source: Consular Affairs Center, Diplomatic and Consular Networks Database and Rankings, January 2026 (Zenodo, CC BY 4.0). https://zenodo.org/records/18109976
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Coastal — 3025 km of coastline. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 40 (registration prefix 6O) |
| Major seaports | Baraawe, Berbera, Boosaaso, Kismaayo, Marka, Muqdisho |
Major airports
Aden Adde International Airport (MGQ) — Mogadishu; Bender Qassim International Airport (BSA) — Bosaso; Egal International Airport (HGA) — Hargeisa; Berbera Airport (BBO) — Berbera.
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28); theodora.com CIA mirror (CIA World Factbook Transportation section), scraped 2026-10-02
| Political system | federal parliamentary republic |
|---|---|
| Next election | No election currently scheduled. |
POWER --/100 Ranked #-- of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Somalia.
Historical timeline of Somalia
This profile covers the population, economy, natural resources, leaders, and history of Somalia — with the Bureau’s live national-power score of --/100, ranking #-- of 195 countries.
What is Somalia's power score?
Somalia has a Magna Power score of --/100. The score measures structural power — the proven capacity to shape events — across nine components.