New Zealand — Country Profile
Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of New Zealand: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna Power score (--/100, ranked #-- of 195).
Last updated: October 2026
New Zealand is a parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm in Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia. It covers 268,838 sq km. Terrain: predominately mountainous with large coastal plains. Climate: temperate with sharp regional contrasts.
| Capital | Wellington |
|---|---|
| Population | 5,161,211 (2024 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $257.117 billion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $48,200 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | -0.1% (2024 est.) |
| Inflation | 2.9% (2024 est.) |
| Unemployment | 4.9% (2024 est.) |
| Public debt | 54% of GDP (2022 est.) |
| Exports | $61.799 billion (2024 est.) |
| Imports | $67.998 billion (2024 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 82.9 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 38.1 years (2025 est.) |
| Urbanization | 87% of total population (2023) |
| Government | parliamentary democracy under a constitutional monarchy; a Commonwealth realm |
| Independence | 26 September 1907 (from the UK) |
| Languages | English (de facto official) 95.4%, Maori (de jure official) 4%, Samoan 2.2%, Northern Chinese 2%, Hindi 1.5%, French 1.2%, Yue 1.1%, New Zealand Sign Language (de jure official) 0.5%, other or not stated 17.2% (2018 est.) |
New Zealand’s GDP is $257.117 billion (2024 est.) in purchasing-power-parity terms. At official exchange rates it stands at $260.236 billion (2024 est.). Real GDP grew -0.1% (2024 est.). See where New Zealand ranks among all 195 countries by GDP.
POWER --/100 — The Magna Power score is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — nine components, 135 indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum 0 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
The quarter's signal was silence: no major domestic development, no external shock, no diplomatic breakthrough.
The country's course remains what it was in June — set by structural realities that no single quarter rewrites.
- What our model rewards: inflation tamed at 2.9%; unemployment near 4.9% — work for whoever wants it
- What drags it down: a current-account deficit of $16 billion (6.1% of GDP) — living beyond its means
Natural gas, Iron ore, Coal, Timber, Hydropower, Gold.
Energy is the physical base of economic power — what a country can generate, move and burn decides what it can build, sell and defend.
| Electricity access | 100% (2022 est.) |
|---|---|
| Installed capacity mix (CIA) | fossil fuels: 12.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 0.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 59.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); geothermal: 17.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) |
| Energy consumption per capita (CIA) | 121.647 million Btu/person (2023 est.) |
| Primary energy consumption (OWID) | 233.1 TWh (2024) |
| Electricity generation (OWID) | 44.5 TWh (2024) |
| Energy per capita (OWID) | 44,712 kWh per person (2024) |
| Electricity generation mix (OWID) | Hydro 52.9%, Wind 9.9%, Gas 9.6%, Coal 3.8%, Oil 1.6%, Solar 0.8% (2024) |
| Low-carbon share of electricity (OWID) | 85.1% (2024) |
| Carbon intensity of electricity (OWID) | 120.1 gCO2/kWh (2024) |
Sources: CIA World Factbook, Energy section; Our World in Data (IEA/Ember), 2024.
Trade shows what the world buys from a country and what the country must buy from the world — the balance between the two is a direct measure of economic leverage.
| Exports | $61.799 billion (2024 est.) |
|---|---|
| Imports | $67.998 billion (2024 est.) |
| Trade balance (calculated) | Deficit of $6.2 billion (2024), calculated from the CIA export and import figures above. |
| Key industries | agriculture, forestry, fishing, logs and wood articles, manufacturing, mining, construction, financial services, real estate services, tourism |
Source: CIA World Factbook, Economy section.
Christopher Luxon — Prime Minister. King CHARLES III (since 8 September 2022); represented by Governor-General Dame Cindy KIRO (since 21 October 2021)
New Zealand maintains 68 embassies abroad, hosts 53 foreign diplomatic missions, holds permanent missions to ASEAN Jakarta, EU Brussels, UN New York, UN Geneva, WTO Geneva. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 68 |
|---|---|
| Foreign missions hosted | 53 |
| Multilateral missions | ASEAN Jakarta, EU Brussels, UN New York, UN Geneva, WTO Geneva |
Source: Lowy Institute Global Diplomacy Index 2024 (released 2024-02-25), https://globaldiplomacyindex.lowyinstitute.org/; Wikipedia 'List of diplomatic missions in New Zealand'
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Coastal — 15134 km of coastline. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 206 + 62 heliports (registration prefix ZK) |
| Major seaports | Auckland, Bluff Harbor, Gisborne, Manukau Harbor, Napier, Nelson, New Plymouth, Otago Harbor, Picton, Tauranga, Timaru, Wellington, Whangarei |
| Railways | 4128 km |
| Pipelines | 331 km condensate, 2,500 km gas, 172 km liquid petroleum gas, 288 km oil, 198 km refined products (2018) |
Major airports
Auckland International Airport (AKL) — Auckland; Christchurch International Airport (CHC) — Christchurch; Queenstown Airport (ZQN) — Queenstown; Wellington International Airport (WLG) — Wellington; Dunedin International Airport (DUD) — Dunedin; Gisborne Airport (GIS) — Gisborne; Hamilton International Airport (HLZ) — Hamilton; Hawke's Bay Airport (NPE) — Napier; Hokitika Airfield (HKK) — ; Inia William Tuuta Memorial Airport (CHT) — Te One.
Showing 10 of 15 major airports.
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28); theodora.com CIA mirror (CIA World Factbook Transportation section), scraped 2026-10-02
| Political system | parliamentary constitutional monarchy |
|---|---|
| Last election | 2023 — general; 2023-10-14; winner: Christopher Luxon (National Party); Ended six years of Labour government (Ardern/Hipkins era) Reuters |
| Next election | 2026 — general (scheduled) |
Source: constitutional schedule / public election calendar
POWER --/100 Ranked #-- of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for New Zealand.
Historical timeline of New Zealand
This profile covers the population, economy, natural resources, leaders, and history of New Zealand — with the Bureau’s live national-power score of --/100, ranking #-- of 195 countries.
What is New Zealand's power score?
New Zealand has a Magna Power score of --/100. The score measures structural power — the proven capacity to shape events — across nine components.