Moldova — Country Profile
Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Moldova: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna Power score (--/100, ranked #-- of 195).
Last updated: October 2026
Moldova is in Eastern Europe, northeast of Romania. It covers 33,851 sq km. Terrain: rolling steppe, gradual slope south to Black Sea. Climate: moderate winters, warm summers.
| Capital | Chisinau in Romanian (Kishinev in Russian) |
|---|---|
| Population | 3,578,930 (2025 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $39.342 billion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $16,500 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | 0.1% (2024 est.) |
| Inflation | 4.7% (2024 est.) |
| Unemployment | 1.5% (2024 est.) |
| Public debt | 34.3% of GDP (2023 est.) |
| Exports | $5.717 billion (2024 est.) |
| Imports | $10.418 billion (2024 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 70.1 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 40.4 years (2025 est.) |
| Urbanization | 43.4% of total population (2023) |
| Government | parliamentary republic |
| Independence | 27 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union) |
| Languages | Moldovan/Romanian 80.2% (official) (56.7% Moldovan; 23.5% Romanian), Russian 9.7%, Gagauz 4.2% (a Turkish language), Ukrainian 3.9%, Bulgarian 1.5%, Romani 0.3%, other 0.2% (2014) |
Moldova’s GDP is $39.342 billion (2024 est.) in purchasing-power-parity terms. At official exchange rates it stands at $18.2 billion (2024 est.). Real GDP grew 0.1% (2024 est.). See where Moldova ranks among all 195 countries by GDP.
POWER --/100 — The Magna Power score is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — nine components, 135 indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum 0 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
The quarter passed without decisive turns. Governance continued, markets functioned, and the score reflects that uneventfulness.
For countries like this, the real story is always the slow one — and this quarter added no new chapter to it.
- What our model rewards: unemployment near 1.5% — work for whoever wants it; public debt under 34% of GDP — room to maneuver
- What drags it down: a current-account deficit of $3 billion (16.0% of GDP) — living beyond its means; only 12% of electricity from low-carbon sources
Gypsum.
Energy is the physical base of economic power — what a country can generate, move and burn decides what it can build, sell and defend.
| Electricity access | 100% (2022 est.) |
|---|---|
| Installed capacity mix (CIA) | fossil fuels: 88% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 1.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 3.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 6.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) |
| Energy consumption per capita (CIA) | 35.686 million Btu/person (2023 est.) |
| Electricity generation (OWID) | 5.2 TWh (2024) |
| Electricity generation mix (OWID) | Gas 82.5%, Oil 5.8%, Hydro 4.6%, Wind 4.0%, Solar 2.9% (2024) |
| Low-carbon share of electricity (OWID) | 11.7% (2024) |
| Carbon intensity of electricity (OWID) | 629.6 gCO2/kWh (2024) |
Sources: CIA World Factbook, Energy section; Our World in Data (IEA/Ember), 2024.
Trade shows what the world buys from a country and what the country must buy from the world — the balance between the two is a direct measure of economic leverage.
| Exports | $5.717 billion (2024 est.) |
|---|---|
| Imports | $10.418 billion (2024 est.) |
| Trade balance (calculated) | Deficit of $4.7 billion (2024), calculated from the CIA export and import figures above. |
| Key industries | sugar processing, vegetable oil, food processing, agricultural machinery; foundry equipment, refrigerators and freezers, washing machines; hosiery, shoes, textiles |
Source: CIA World Factbook, Economy section.
Vasile Tofan — Prime Minister. President Maia SANDU (since 24 December 2020)
Moldova maintains 33 embassies and 8 consulates abroad, hosts 31 foreign diplomatic missions, holds permanent missions to UN New York, UN Geneva, UNESCO Paris, OSCE Vienna, CoE Strasbourg. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 33 |
|---|---|
| Consulates abroad | 8 |
| Foreign missions hosted | 31 |
| Multilateral missions | UN New York, UN Geneva, UNESCO Paris, OSCE Vienna, CoE Strasbourg |
Source: Abroad: Consular Affairs Center, of-country ranking, Jan 2026 (33/8), Zenodo https://zenodo.org/records/18109976/ . Hosted: Consular Affairs Center, in-country ranking, Jan 2026 (Chisinau 31). Multilateral rosters as for AUT.
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Landlocked — no seacoast; exports move through transit corridors across neighbouring countries. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 10 + 1 heliports (registration prefix ER) |
| Railways | 1171 km |
Major airports
Chişinău International Airport (RMO) — Chişinău.
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28)
| Political system | parliamentary republic |
|---|---|
| Next election | No election currently scheduled. |
POWER --/100 Ranked #-- of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Moldova.
Historical timeline of Moldova
This profile covers the population, economy, natural resources, leaders, and history of Moldova — with the Bureau’s live national-power score of --/100, ranking #-- of 195 countries.
What is Moldova's power score?
Moldova has a Magna Power score of --/100. The score measures structural power — the proven capacity to shape events — across nine components.