Mali — Country Profile
Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Mali: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna Power score (--/100, ranked #-- of 195).
Last updated: October 2026
Mali — in interior Western Africa, southwest of Algeria, north of Guinea, Cote d'Ivoire, and Burkina Faso, west of Niger. Political status: semi-presidential republic. It covers 1,240,192 sq km. Terrain: mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast. Climate: subtropical to arid; hot and dry (February to June); rainy, humid, and mild (June to November); cool and dry (November to February).
| Capital | Bamako |
|---|---|
| Population | 22,634,423 (2025 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $71.253 billion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $2,900 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | 5% (2024 est.) |
| Inflation | 3.2% (2024 est.) |
| Unemployment | 3.1% (2024 est.) |
| Public debt | 36% of GDP (2016 est.) |
| Exports | $6.13 billion (2023 est.) |
| Imports | $8.066 billion (2023 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 63.2 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 16.5 years (2025 est.) |
| Urbanization | 46.2% of total population (2023) |
| Government | semi-presidential republic |
| Independence | 22 September 1960 (from France) |
| Languages | Bambara (official), French 17.2%, Peuhl/Foulfoulbe/Fulani 9.4%, Dogon 7.2%, Maraka/Soninke 6.4%, Malinke 5.6%, Sonrhai/Djerma 5.6%, Minianka 4.3%, Tamacheq 3.5%, Senoufo 2.6%, Bobo 2.1%, other 6.3%, unspecified 0.7% (2009 est.) |
Mali’s GDP is $71.253 billion (2024 est.) in purchasing-power-parity terms. At official exchange rates it stands at $26.588 billion (2024 est.). Real GDP grew 5% (2024 est.). See where Mali ranks among all 195 countries by GDP.
POWER --/100 — The Magna Power score is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — nine components, 135 indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum 0 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
Steadiness was the quarter's defining trait: no rupture, no windfall, no surprise strong enough to move the score.
The trajectory remains set by fundamentals that change over years, not quarters — and this quarter changed little.
- What our model rewards: inflation tamed at 3.2%; unemployment near 3.1% — work for whoever wants it
- What drags it down: fertility of 5.3 children per woman — far above replacement, a cradle overflowing faster than schools can keep up; a median age of 16 — a nation of children, its workforce still in the classroom
Gold, Phosphates, Salt, Uranium, Gypsum, Hydropower.
Energy is the physical base of economic power — what a country can generate, move and burn decides what it can build, sell and defend.
| Electricity access | 53% (2022 est.) |
|---|---|
| Installed capacity mix (CIA) | fossil fuels: 57.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 3.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 37.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) |
| Energy consumption per capita (CIA) | 4.307 million Btu/person (2023 est.) |
| Primary energy consumption (OWID) | 30.0 TWh (2023) |
| Electricity generation (OWID) | 4.4 TWh (2023) |
| Energy per capita (OWID) | 1,262 kWh per person (2023) |
| Electricity generation mix (OWID) | Oil 57.3%, Hydro 37.6%, Solar 3.4% (2023) |
| Low-carbon share of electricity (OWID) | 42.7% (2023) |
| Carbon intensity of electricity (OWID) | 394.5 gCO2/kWh (2023) |
Sources: CIA World Factbook, Energy section; Our World in Data (IEA/Ember), 2023.
Trade shows what the world buys from a country and what the country must buy from the world — the balance between the two is a direct measure of economic leverage.
| Exports | $6.13 billion (2023 est.) |
|---|---|
| Imports | $8.066 billion (2023 est.) |
| Trade balance (calculated) | Deficit of $1.9 billion (2023), calculated from the CIA export and import figures above. |
| Key industries | food processing; construction; phosphate and gold mining |
Source: CIA World Factbook, Economy section.
Assimi Goïta — President of the Transition. Transition President Assimi GOITA (since 7 June 2021)
Mali maintains 39 embassies and 6 consulates abroad, hosts 38 foreign diplomatic missions, holds permanent missions to UN New York, AU Addis Ababa. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 39 |
|---|---|
| Consulates abroad | 6 |
| Foreign missions hosted | 38 |
| Multilateral missions | UN New York, AU Addis Ababa |
Source: Consular Affairs Center, Diplomatic and Consular Networks Database and Rankings, January 2026 (Zenodo, CC BY 4.0). https://zenodo.org/records/18109976
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Landlocked — no seacoast; exports move through transit corridors across neighbouring countries. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 30 + 4 heliports (registration prefix TZ, TT) |
| Railways | 593 km |
Major airports
Modibo Keita International Airport (BKO) — Bamako; Tombouktou Airport (TOM) — Timbuktu; Gao International Airport (GAQ) — Gao; Kayes Dag Dag Airport (KYS) — Kayes; Mopti Airport (MZI) — Sévaré.
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28)
| Political system | semi-presidential republic |
|---|---|
| Next election | No election currently scheduled. |
POWER --/100 Ranked #-- of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Mali.
This profile covers the population, economy, natural resources, leaders, and history of Mali — with the Bureau’s live national-power score of --/100, ranking #-- of 195 countries.
What is Mali's power score?
Mali has a Magna Power score of --/100. The score measures structural power — the proven capacity to shape events — across nine components.