Indonesia — Country Profile
Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Indonesia: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna Power score (--/100, ranked #-- of 195).
Last updated: October 2026
Indonesia is in Southeastern Asia, archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. It covers 1,904,569 sq km. Terrain: mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains. Climate: tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands.
| Capital | Jakarta |
|---|---|
| Population | 283,587,097 (2025 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $4.102 trillion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $14,500 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | 5% (2024 est.) |
| Inflation | 3.7% (2023 est.) |
| Unemployment | 3.3% (2024 est.) |
| Public debt | 45.34% of GDP (2022 est.) |
| Exports | $300.868 billion (2024 est.) |
| Imports | $279.419 billion (2024 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 73.6 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 31.8 years (2025 est.) |
| Urbanization | 58.6% of total population (2023) |
| Government | presidential republic |
| Independence | 17 August 1945 (declared independence from the Netherlands) |
| Languages | Bahasa Indonesia (official, modified form of Malay), English, Dutch, local dialects (of which the most widely spoken is Javanese); note - more than 700 languages are used in Indonesia |
Indonesia’s GDP is $4.102 trillion (2024 est.) in purchasing-power-parity terms. At official exchange rates it stands at $1.396 trillion (2024 est.). Real GDP grew 5% (2024 est.). See where Indonesia ranks among all 195 countries by GDP.
POWER --/100 — The Magna Power score is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — nine components, 135 indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum +4 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
Continuity was the story: the free-meals programme scaled past 60M recipients and the new capital kept rising, with no quarter-defining disruption.
Indonesia's momentum rests on being large, young and non-aligned — this quarter added steady bricks to a long wall.
- What our model rewards: a top world supplier of Cobalt and Nickel — commodities the planet cannot do without; inflation tamed at 3.7%
- What drags it down: only 19% of electricity from low-carbon sources
Oil, Tin, Natural gas, Nickel, Timber, Bauxite, Copper, Coal, Gold, Silver.
Energy is the physical base of economic power — what a country can generate, move and burn decides what it can build, sell and defend.
| Electricity access | 100% (2022 est.) |
|---|---|
| Installed capacity mix (CIA) | fossil fuels: 82% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 6.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); geothermal: 4.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) |
| Energy consumption per capita (CIA) | 37.39 million Btu/person (2023 est.) |
| Primary energy consumption (OWID) | 2,984.7 TWh (2024) |
| Electricity generation (OWID) | 375.1 TWh (2024) |
| Energy per capita (OWID) | 10,529 kWh per person (2024) |
| Electricity generation mix (OWID) | Coal 60.9%, Gas 17.6%, Hydro 7.1%, Oil 1.9%, Solar 0.2%, Wind 0.1% (2024) |
| Low-carbon share of electricity (OWID) | 19.3% (2024) |
Sources: CIA World Factbook, Energy section; Our World in Data (IEA/Ember), 2024.
Trade shows what the world buys from a country and what the country must buy from the world — the balance between the two is a direct measure of economic leverage.
| Exports | $300.868 billion (2024 est.) |
|---|---|
| Imports | $279.419 billion (2024 est.) |
| Trade balance (calculated) | Surplus of $21.4 billion (2024), calculated from the CIA export and import figures above. |
| Key industries | petroleum and natural gas, textiles, automotive, electrical appliances, apparel, footwear, mining, cement, medical instruments and appliances, handicrafts, chemical fertilizers, plywood, rubber, processed food, jewelry, and tourism |
Source: CIA World Factbook, Economy section.
Prabowo Subianto — President. President PRABOWO Subianto Djojohadikusumo (since 20 October 2024)
Indonesia maintains 130 embassies abroad, hosts 109 foreign diplomatic missions, holds permanent missions to ASEAN Jakarta, UN New York, UN Geneva. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 130 |
|---|---|
| Foreign missions hosted | 109 |
| Multilateral missions | ASEAN Jakarta, UN New York, UN Geneva |
Source: Lowy Institute Global Diplomacy Index 2024 (released 2024-02-25), https://globaldiplomacyindex.lowyinstitute.org/; Wikipedia 'List of diplomatic missions in Indonesia'
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Coastal — 54716 km of coastline. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 556 + 53 heliports (registration prefix PK) |
| Major seaports | Belawan, Cilacap, Dumai, Jakarta, Kasim Terminal, Merak Mas Terminal, Palembang, Surabaya, Ujung Pandang |
| Railways | 8159 km |
Major airports
Adisoemarmo International Airport (SOC) — Surakarta; Denpasar I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport (DPS) — Kuta, Badung; Dortheys Hiyo Eluay International Airport (DJJ) — Sentani; Halim Perdanakusuma International Airport (HLP) — Jakarta; Hang Nadim International Airport (BTH) — Batam; Jenderal Ahmad Yani Airport (SRG) — Semarang; Juanda International Airport (SUB) — Surabaya; Kualanamu International Airport (KNO) — Beringin; Lombok International Airport (LOP) — Mataram (Pujut, Lombok Tengah); Minangkabau International Airport (PDG) — Padang (Katapiang).
Showing 10 of 15 major airports.
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28)
| Political system | presidential republic |
|---|---|
| Last election | 2024 — presidential; 2024-02-14; winner: Prabowo Subianto (Gerindra); 58.6%; sworn in 2024-10-20 Wikipedia |
| Next election | 2029 — general (scheduled) |
Source: constitutional schedule / public election calendar
POWER --/100 Ranked #-- of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Indonesia.
Historical timeline of Indonesia
This profile covers the population, economy, natural resources, leaders, and history of Indonesia — with the Bureau’s live national-power score of --/100, ranking #-- of 195 countries.
What is Indonesia's power score?
Indonesia has a Magna Power score of --/100. The score measures structural power — the proven capacity to shape events — across nine components.