Hungary — Country Profile
Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Hungary: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna Power score (--/100, ranked #-- of 195).
Last updated: October 2026
Hungary is in Central Europe, northwest of Romania. It covers 93,028 sq km. Notable earlier dates: 25 December 1000 (crowning of King STEPHEN I, traditional founding date); 30 March 1867 (Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy established). Terrain: mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border. Climate: temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers.
| Capital | Budapest |
|---|---|
| Population | 9,855,745 (2024 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $389.207 billion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $40,700 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | 0.5% (2024 est.) |
| Inflation | 3.7% (2024 est.) |
| Unemployment | 4.5% (2024 est.) |
| Public debt | 75.3% of GDP (2022 est.) |
| Exports | $166.503 billion (2024 est.) |
| Imports | $154.077 billion (2024 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 76 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 45.1 years (2025 est.) |
| Urbanization | 72.9% of total population (2023) |
| Government | parliamentary republic |
| Independence | 16 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier dates: 25 December 1000 (crowning of King STEPHEN I, traditional founding date); 30 March 1867 (Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy established) |
| Languages | Hungarian (official) 98.8%, English 25.3%, German 12.6%, Russian 2.1%, French 1.5%, Romanian 1.4%, other 5.1% (2022 est.) |
Hungary’s GDP is $389.207 billion (2024 est.) in purchasing-power-parity terms. At official exchange rates it stands at $222.905 billion (2024 est.). Real GDP grew 0.5% (2024 est.). See where Hungary ranks among all 195 countries by GDP.
POWER --/100 — The Magna Power score is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — nine components, 135 indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum +3 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
The post-Orbán transition advanced: anti-LGBTQ laws rolled back, Russian diplomats expelled in September, EU relationships under repair.
Pragmatism tempered the turn — the US sanctions-waiver request on Russian energy shows the constraints — but directionally this was a positive quarter.
- What our model rewards: inflation tamed at 3.7%; a current-account surplus of $5 billion — the world pays it more than it pays out
- What drags it down: public debt above 75% of GDP — the budget's ball and chain
Bauxite, Coal, Natural gas.
Energy is the physical base of economic power — what a country can generate, move and burn decides what it can build, sell and defend.
| Electricity access | 100% (2022 est.) |
|---|---|
| Installed capacity mix (CIA) | fossil fuels: 28.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); nuclear: 44.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 19.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 1.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) |
| Energy consumption per capita (CIA) | 96.152 million Btu/person (2023 est.) |
| Primary energy consumption (OWID) | 260.8 TWh (2024) |
| Electricity generation (OWID) | 38.2 TWh (2024) |
| Energy per capita (OWID) | 26,952 kWh per person (2024) |
| Electricity generation mix (OWID) | Nuclear 42.0%, Solar 24.6%, Gas 18.7%, Coal 6.3%, Wind 1.8%, Oil 1.2%, Hydro 0.6% (2024) |
| Low-carbon share of electricity (OWID) | 73.8% (2024) |
| Carbon intensity of electricity (OWID) | 182.8 gCO2/kWh (2024) |
Sources: CIA World Factbook, Energy section; Our World in Data (IEA/Ember), 2024.
Trade shows what the world buys from a country and what the country must buy from the world — the balance between the two is a direct measure of economic leverage.
| Exports | $166.503 billion (2024 est.) |
|---|---|
| Imports | $154.077 billion (2024 est.) |
| Trade balance (calculated) | Surplus of $12.4 billion (2024), calculated from the CIA export and import figures above. |
| Key industries | mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles |
Source: CIA World Factbook, Economy section.
Péter Magyar — Prime Minister. President Tamas SULYOK (since 5 March 2024)
Hungary maintains 87 embassies and 43 consulates abroad, hosts 87 foreign diplomatic missions, holds permanent missions to UN New York, UN Geneva, EU Brussels, NATO Brussels, OECD Paris, UNESCO Paris, OSCE Vienna, CoE Strasbourg. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 87 |
|---|---|
| Consulates abroad | 43 |
| Foreign missions hosted | 87 |
| Multilateral missions | UN New York, UN Geneva, EU Brussels, NATO Brussels, OECD Paris, UNESCO Paris, OSCE Vienna, CoE Strasbourg |
Source: Abroad: Lowy GDI 2024 via Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_number_of_diplomatic_missions . Hosted: Consular Affairs Center in-country ranking, Jan 2026 (Budapest 87). Multilateral rosters as for AUT.
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Landlocked — no seacoast; exports move through transit corridors across neighbouring countries. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 109 + 15 heliports (registration prefix HA) |
| Railways | 7687 km |
Major airports
Budapest Liszt Ferenc International Airport (BUD) — Budapest; Debrecen International Airport (DEB) — Debrecen; Pécs-Pogány International Airport (PEV) — Pécs; Hévíz–Balaton Airport (SOB) — Sármellék.
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28)
| Political system | parliamentary republic |
|---|---|
| Next election | No election currently scheduled. |
POWER --/100 Ranked #-- of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Hungary.
Historical timeline of Hungary
This profile covers the population, economy, natural resources, leaders, and history of Hungary — with the Bureau’s live national-power score of --/100, ranking #-- of 195 countries.
What is Hungary's power score?
Hungary has a Magna Power score of --/100. The score measures structural power — the proven capacity to shape events — across nine components.