Cuba — Country Profile
Population, GDP, natural resources, leaders and history of Cuba: the Magna Factbook country file, with its Magna Power score (--/100, ranked #-- of 195).
Last updated: October 2026
Cuba is in Caribbean, island between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, 150 km south of Key West, Florida. It covers 110,860 sq km. 10 December 1898 (from Spain); not acknowledged by the Cuban Government as days of independence. Terrain: mostly flat to rolling plains, with rugged hills and mountains in the southeast. Climate: tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October).
| Capital | Havana |
|---|---|
| Population | 10,059,519 (2025 est.) |
| GDP (PPP) | $81.165 billion (2024 est.) |
| GDP per capita (PPP) | $23,700 (2024 est.) |
| Real GDP growth | -1.9% (2023 est.) |
| Inflation | 76.1% (2022 est.) |
| Unemployment | 1.6% (2024 est.) |
| Public debt | 42.7% of GDP (2016 est.) |
| Exports | $8.768 billion (2020 est.) |
| Imports | $8.067 billion (2020 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 80.1 years (2024 est.) |
| Median age | 46.2 years (2025 est.) |
| Urbanization | 77.5% of total population (2023) |
| Government | communist state |
| Independence | 20 May 1902 (from US administration); 10 December 1898 (from Spain); not acknowledged by the Cuban Government as days of independence |
| Languages | Spanish (official) |
Cuba’s GDP is $81.165 billion (2024 est.) in purchasing-power-parity terms. At official exchange rates it stands at $259.781 billion (2024 est.). Real GDP grew -1.9% (2023 est.). See where Cuba ranks among all 195 countries by GDP.
POWER --/100 — The Magna Power score is our 0–100 composite of structural national power — nine components, 135 indicators. It is the Bureau's own assessment, not a mirror of World Bank or CIA figures.
Momentum 0 — Quarterly momentum: the Bureau's read on the country's trajectory over the last quarter, from −10 (deteriorating fast) to +10 (accelerating).
An uneventful quarter, recorded without embellishment: no breakthrough to celebrate, no setback to mourn.
The longer forces — demographics, trade routes, regional balances — kept doing what they do, and the country rode them steadily.
- What our model rewards: unemployment near 1.6% — work for whoever wants it; public debt under 43% of GDP — room to maneuver
- What drags it down: inflation running at 76.1% — eating paychecks; fertility of 1.5 children per woman — below replacement, the cradle is emptying
Cobalt, Nickel, Iron ore, Chromium, Copper, Salt, Timber, Oil.
Energy is the physical base of economic power — what a country can generate, move and burn decides what it can build, sell and defend.
| Electricity access | 100% (2022 est.) |
|---|---|
| Installed capacity mix (CIA) | fossil fuels: 95.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); solar: 1.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); wind: 0.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.); hydroelectricity: 0.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.) |
| Energy consumption per capita (CIA) | 26.07 million Btu/person (2023 est.) |
Sources: CIA World Factbook, Energy section; Our World in Data (IEA/Ember), 2024.
Trade shows what the world buys from a country and what the country must buy from the world — the balance between the two is a direct measure of economic leverage.
| Exports | $8.768 billion (2020 est.) |
|---|---|
| Imports | $8.067 billion (2020 est.) |
| Trade balance (calculated) | Surplus of $701.0 million (2020), calculated from the CIA export and import figures above. |
| Key industries | petroleum, nickel, cobalt, pharmaceuticals, tobacco, construction, steel, cement, agricultural machinery, sugar |
Source: CIA World Factbook, Economy section.
Miguel Díaz-Canel — President. President Miguel DIAZ-CANEL Bermudez (since 19 April 2018)
Cuba maintains 124 embassies and 17 consulates abroad, hosts 115 foreign diplomatic missions, holds permanent missions to UN New York. The breadth of a diplomatic network is a direct measure of diplomatic power — it shows how far a country’s influence, alliances and interests reach.
| Embassies abroad | 124 |
|---|---|
| Consulates abroad | 17 |
| Foreign missions hosted | 115 |
| Multilateral missions | UN New York |
Source: Consular Affairs Center, diplomatic & consular networks database, Mar 2026 report (of-country ranking) https://zenodo.org/records/18917562 ; Jan 2026 report (in-country ranking) https://zenodo.org/records/18109976
Transport networks are economic power made physical — ports, runways, railways and pipelines decide what a country can move, sell and defend.
| Sea access | Coastal — 3735 km of coastline. |
|---|---|
| Airports (total) | 120 + 4 heliports (registration prefix CU) |
| Major seaports | Antilla, Bahai de la Habana, Bahia de Sagua de Tanamo, Cabanas, Casilda, Cienfuegos, Nuevitas Bay, Puerto Guantanamo, Santiago de Cuba |
| Railways | 8367 km |
| Pipelines | 41 km gas, 230 km oil (2013) |
Major airports
Abel Santamaria International Airport (SNU) — Santa Clara; Antonio Maceo International Airport (SCU) — Santiago; Frank Pais International Airport (HOG) — Holguin; Ignacio Agramonte International Airport (CMW) — Camaguey; José Martí International Airport (HAV) — Havana; Juan Gualberto Gomez International Airport (VRA) — Matanzas; Alberto Delgado Airport (TND) — Trinidad; Carlos Manuel de Cespedes Airport (BYM) — Bayamo; Gustavo Rizo Airport (BCA) — Baracoa; Hermanos Ameijeiras Airport (VTU) — Las Tunas.
Showing 10 of 15 major airports.
Sources: OurAirports public-domain extract (2026-10-02); per-entry Wikipedia links included; CIA World Factbook via cia_factbook snapshot (2026-09-28); theodora.com CIA mirror (CIA World Factbook Transportation section), scraped 2026-10-02
| Political system | one-party communist state |
|---|---|
| Next election | No election currently scheduled. |
POWER --/100 Ranked #-- of 195 countries in the Magna Country Rankings. Full ranking breakdown for Cuba.
This profile covers the population, economy, natural resources, leaders, and history of Cuba — with the Bureau’s live national-power score of --/100, ranking #-- of 195 countries.
What is Cuba's power score?
Cuba has a Magna Power score of --/100. The score measures structural power — the proven capacity to shape events — across nine components.