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.hist-item p{color:var(--muted);}main .hist-intro{color:var(--muted);line-height:1.75;max-width:66ch;}main .hist-era h2{color:var(--text);}main .hist-era .era-range{color:var(--gold-deep);}main .hist-feature a{background:var(--card);border:2px solid var(--gold-deep);border-radius:6px;box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(143,105,54,.25),0 12px 32px rgba(20,17,29,.08);}main .hist-feature a:hover{border-color:var(--gold);}main .hist-feature h2,main .hist-feature h3{color:var(--text);}main .hist-feature p{color:var(--muted);}main .feature-kicker{color:var(--gold-deep);}main .policy-body p,main .dispatch p{font-size:1.06rem;line-height:1.8;color:var(--text);max-width:68ch;margin:0 0 1.35em;}main .policy-body a,main .dispatch a{color:var(--gold-deep);}main .dispatch h2,main .dispatch h3{font-family:var(--serif-display);font-weight:700;font-size:1.35rem;color:var(--text);margin:2.4rem 0 .8rem;border-top:1px solid var(--line-strong);padding-top:1.4rem;}main .lead{font-family:"Source Serif 4",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.18rem;line-height:1.7;font-style:italic;color:var(--muted);max-width:64ch;}main .history-shockwave{background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line-strong);border-left:4px solid var(--gold);border-radius:0 6px 6px 0;box-shadow:0 8px 28px rgba(20,17,29,.05);}main .history-shockwave p{color:var(--text);}main .history-countries{background:var(--card-2);border:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--text);}main .history-countries strong{color:var(--gold-deep);}main .history-nav{border-top:1px solid var(--line-strong);}main .history-nav a{color:var(--gold-deep);}main .history-nav a:hover{color:var(--gold);}main .empire-visuals .ev-kicker{color:var(--gold-deep);}main .empire-visuals figure{background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line-strong);box-shadow:0 10px 30px rgba(20,17,29,.08);}main .empire-visuals figcaption{color:var(--gold-deep);}@media (max-width:640px){main .article-hero{padding:52px 0 6px;}main .masthead-page{padding:44px 0 6px;}main .keyfindings{padding:1.3rem 1.2rem 1rem;}main .dossier-fig{padding:1.1rem 1rem .9rem;}main .paper-inner p,main .paper-inner li{font-size:1.02rem;}}:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--gold-deep);outline-offset:2px}.masthead-page{text-align:center;max-width:820px;margin:0 auto;padding:64px 24px 8px}.masthead-page .kicker-row{display:flex;justify-content:center;margin-bottom:18px}.masthead-page h1{font-family:"Playfair Display",Georgia,serif;font-weight:700;font-size:clamp(2.4rem,5.4vw,3.6rem);letter-spacing:.01em;color:var(--navy);margin:0 0 14px;line-height:1.08}.masthead-page .dek{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-style:italic;font-size:1.12rem;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.65;margin:0 auto 26px;max-width:60ch}.rule-red{border:0;height:3px;width:72px;margin:0 auto 34px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,transparent,var(--gold-deep),transparent)}.databox{background:#ffffff;border:1px solid var(--line-strong);border-top:3px solid var(--gold-deep);box-shadow:0 10px 30px rgba(12,17,29,.06)}.databox h2,.databox h4{color:var(--gold-deep)}.databox th{color:var(--muted);border-bottom:2px solid var(--gold)}.databox td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--text)}.databox td:nth-child(2){color:var(--navy)}body .fb-date,body .fb-horizon,body .fb-growing,body .fb-year,body .mg-note,body .mg-fnote,body .mg-nogeom,body .mg-band{color:var(--faint)}body .mg-ftable th{color:var(--muted);border-bottom:2px solid var(--gold)}body .mg-ftable td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.map-shell{background:#041a31;border:1px solid var(--gold-deep);box-shadow:0 18px 50px rgba(12,17,29,.18)}.map-shell svg{background:#041a31}.profile{background:#ffffff;border:1px solid var(--line-strong);box-shadow:0 10px 30px rgba(12,17,29,.06)}.profile h2{font-family:"Playfair Display",Georgia,serif;color:var(--navy);letter-spacing:.01em}.profile .stat{background:var(--card-2);border:1px solid var(--line)}.region-chips .chip,.region-chips button{border-color:var(--line-strong)}.consensus{background:#ffffff;border:1px solid var(--line-strong);border-left:3px solid var(--gold-deep)}.grade-pill{border:1px solid var(--gold-deep);color:var(--gold-deep);background:rgba(143,105,54,.07)}.board-col{background:#ffffff;border:1px solid var(--line-strong);box-shadow:0 10px 30px rgba(12,17,29,.06)}.board-col header{color:var(--navy);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.board-col.best header{color:var(--gold-deep);border-bottom:2px solid var(--gold)}.board-col.best{border-top:3px solid var(--gold-deep)}.board-col.worst .grade-pill{border-color:var(--red);color:var(--red);background:rgba(84,15,13,.05)}.board-col li{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.board-note{color:var(--faint)}.grade-controls input[type="search"]{background:#ffffff;border:1px solid var(--line-strong);color:var(--text)}.grade-controls input[type="search"]:focus{border-color:var(--gold-deep);outline:0;box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(143,105,54,.12)}.grade-table th{color:var(--muted)}.grade-table td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.grade-table tbody tr:hover td{background:rgba(143,105,54,.06)}.fc-card{background:#ffffff;border:1px solid var(--line-strong)}.fc-card summary::before{color:var(--gold-deep)}.fc-badge{border:1px solid var(--gold-deep);color:var(--gold-deep)}.disclaimer-text{border-left:4px solid var(--gold-deep)}.method-note,.forecast-disclaimer{background:#ffffff;border:1px solid var(--line-strong);border-left:3px solid var(--gold-deep)}span.risk-badge.critical{color:var(--red);border-color:rgba(84,15,13,.45);background:rgba(84,15,13,.05)}span.risk-badge.tense{color:#8f6414;border-color:rgba(143,100,20,.45);background:rgba(143,100,20,.06)}span.risk-badge.calm{color:#2e7d4f;border-color:rgba(46,125,79,.4);background:rgba(46,125,79,.05)}.bloc-west{color:var(--navy);border-color:rgba(12,17,29,.4);background:rgba(12,17,29,.05)}.bloc-east{color:var(--red);border-color:rgba(84,15,13,.4);background:rgba(84,15,13,.05)}.bloc-globalsouth{color:var(--gold-deep);border-color:rgba(106,79,46,.45);background:rgba(106,79,46,.07)}.bloc-neutral{color:var(--faint);border-color:rgba(95,102,114,.4);background:rgba(95,102,114,.06)}body .pricing-pull{border-left:3px solid var(--gold-deep);color:var(--navy)}body .open-note{border:1px dashed var(--gold-2);background:#ffffff;color:var(--muted);box-shadow:0 8px 24px rgba(12,17,29,.05)}body .open-note strong{color:var(--gold-deep)}body .promo-note,body .bill-note,body .tier-micro{color:var(--faint)}body .bill-toggle{border:1px solid var(--line-strong);background:#ffffff}body .bill-toggle button{color:var(--muted)}body .bill-toggle button.on{background:var(--navy);color:var(--hud)}body .tier-grid{gap:1.8rem}body .tier{background:#ffffff;border:1px solid var(--line-strong);border-radius:.8rem;padding:2.2rem 2rem;box-shadow:0 14px 40px rgba(12,17,29,.07)}body .tier-featured{border:1px solid var(--gold-deep);position:relative;box-shadow:0 0 0 1px var(--gold-deep),0 26px 70px rgba(12,17,29,.12)}body .tier-featured::before{content:"";position:absolute;top:-1px;left:36px;right:36px;height:3px;background:linear-gradient(90deg,transparent,var(--hud),transparent)}body .tier-flag{background:var(--navy);color:var(--hud);border:1px solid var(--gold-deep)}body .tier-kicker{color:var(--gold)}body .tier-featured .tier-kicker{color:var(--gold-deep)}body .tier h3{font-family:"Playfair Display",Georgia,serif;color:var(--navy);letter-spacing:.01em}body .tier .tier-sub{color:var(--muted)}body .tier .tier-price{font-family:"Playfair Display",Georgia,serif;color:var(--navy)}body .tier .tier-price span{color:var(--faint)}body .tier ul li{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--text)}body .tier ul li::before{color:var(--gold-deep)}body .geo-rows{border:1px solid var(--line-strong)}body .geo-rows .gr{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}body .geo-rows .gr span:first-child{color:var(--muted)}body .geo-rows .gr .pval{color:var(--navy)}body .tier-cta{background:var(--navy);border:1px solid var(--navy);color:var(--hud);border-radius:.6rem;transition:transform .15s,box-shadow .15s}body .tier-cta:hover{transform:translateY(-1px);color:#ffffff;box-shadow:0 12px 30px rgba(12,17,29,.25)}body .tier-featured .tier-cta{background:var(--gold);border-color:var(--gold-deep);color:#ffffff}body .tier-featured .tier-cta:hover{box-shadow:0 12px 30px rgba(143,105,54,.4)}body .tier-cta.ghost{background:#ffffff;border:1px solid var(--navy);color:var(--navy)}body .fairness-note{background:#ffffff;border:1px solid var(--line-strong);border-top:3px solid var(--gold-deep);color:var(--muted);box-shadow:0 10px 30px rgba(12,17,29,.06)}body .fairness-note strong{color:var(--navy)}body .faq details{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-strong)}body .faq summary{font-family:"Playfair Display",Georgia,serif;color:var(--navy)}body .faq summary::before{color:var(--gold-deep)}body .faq details p{color:var(--muted)}.policy-body{max-width:72ch}@media (min-width:900px){main .policy-body:has(>article.dispatch){margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}.policy-body h2{font-family:"Playfair Display",Georgia,serif;color:var(--navy);letter-spacing:.01em;margin-top:3rem}main .dispatch h2,.guide-rule h2{letter-spacing:normal}.nl-strip{background:transparent;border-top:1px solid var(--line-strong)}.nl-kicker{color:var(--gold-deep)}.nl-card{background:#ffffff;border:1px solid var(--line-strong);border-top:3px solid var(--gold-deep);border-radius:.9rem;box-shadow:0 18px 50px rgba(12,17,29,.08)}.nl-page h1{font-family:"Playfair Display",Georgia,serif;color:var(--navy);letter-spacing:.01em}.nl-page .nl-lede{color:var(--muted)}.nl-bullets li{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);color:var(--text)}.nl-bullets li::before{color:var(--gold-deep)}.nl-field{background:#ffffff;border:1px solid var(--line-strong);color:var(--text)}.nl-field::placeholder{color:var(--faint)}.nl-field:focus{border-color:var(--gold-deep);box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(143,105,54,.12)}.nl-msg.ok{color:var(--gold-deep)}.nl-msg.err{color:var(--red)}.nl-gdpr{color:var(--faint)}.about-block{max-width:72ch;margin:0 auto 3.5rem}.about-block h2{font-family:"Playfair Display",Georgia,serif;font-weight:700;font-size:1.9rem;color:var(--navy);letter-spacing:.01em;margin:0 0 1.1rem;padding-bottom:.7rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.about-block p{color:var(--text);line-height:1.75}.about-block p strong{color:var(--navy)}.about-block ul 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rgba(106,79,46,.18);border-color:var(--gold-deep)}.auth-status{color:var(--red)}.avatar{background:var(--card-2);color:var(--muted);border:1px solid var(--line-strong)}.avatar.gold{background:var(--gold);border-color:var(--gold-deep);color:#ffffff}.avatar.steel{background:var(--card-2);color:var(--muted)}.comment-name{color:var(--navy)}.comment-name .flair{color:#ffffff;background:var(--red);border-color:var(--red)}.composer-avatar{background:var(--card-2);color:var(--gold-deep);border-color:var(--line-strong)}#comments-list .avatar{background:var(--card-2);color:var(--muted);border-color:var(--line-strong)}#comments-list .avatar.gold{background:var(--gold);border-color:var(--gold-deep);color:#ffffff}.comment-count{background:var(--navy);color:var(--hud)}.comments-head h3{color:var(--navy)}.comment-box textarea,.composer-main textarea,.reply-form textarea,.reply-form-v5 textarea{background:#ffffff;border:1px solid var(--line-strong);color:var(--text)}.comment-box 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var(--gold-deep);box-shadow:0 0 0 4px rgba(204,168,105,.22);flex:0 0 auto}[data-status="staged"]{display:none!important}.navdrop{position:relative;display:inline-flex;align-items:stretch}.navdrop-menu{display:none;position:absolute;top:100%;left:0;min-width:250px;background:#FAF8F3;border:1px solid #e2ddd0;border-top:2px solid #c9a227;border-radius:0 0 8px 8px;box-shadow:0 18px 40px rgba(12,17,29,.14);z-index:300;padding:6px 0}.navdrop:hover .navdrop-menu,.navdrop:focus-within .navdrop-menu{display:block}.navdrop-menu a{display:block;padding:10px 20px;font-family:Rajdhani,"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;font-weight:600;font-size:.78rem;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#041a31;text-decoration:none;white-space:nowrap}.navdrop-menu a:hover{color:#8f6936;background:rgba(201,162,39,.1)}@media (max-width:640px){.navdrop{display:block}.navdrop-menu{display:block;position:static;border:0;box-shadow:none;background:transparent;padding:0}.navdrop-menu a{padding:10px 24px 10px 38px;font-size:.74rem;color:#141414}}.search-page .ss-head{max-width:760px;margin:0 auto 1.7rem;text-align:center}.search-page .ss-head h1{font-family:"Playfair Display",Georgia,serif;font-weight:800;font-size:clamp(1.9rem,4.4vw,2.7rem);color:#141414;margin:.6rem 0 .7rem;line-height:1.15}.search-page .dek{font-family:"Source Serif 4",Georgia,serif;font-size:1.05rem;line-height:1.65;color:#3d3d3d;margin:0}.ss-bar{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;max-width:640px;margin:0 auto 1.1rem;background:#fff;border:1px solid #d8d2c2;border-radius:999px;padding:12px 20px;box-shadow:0 2px 10px rgba(20,20,20,.05)}.ss-bar:focus-within{border-color:#c9a227;box-shadow:0 2px 16px rgba(201,162,39,.22)}.ss-bar svg{width:18px;height:18px;stroke:#8f6936;flex:none}.ss-input{flex:1;min-width:0;background:transparent;border:0;outline:0;font-family:Inter,-apple-system,"Segoe 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h2{font-family:"Playfair Display",Georgia,serif;color:#141414;font-size:1.5rem;margin:0 0 .6rem}.ss-empty a{color:#8f6936;font-weight:600}@media(max-width:560px){.ss-bar{padding:10px 16px}.ss-title{font-size:1.05rem}}.listen-bar{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:14px;margin:18px 0 26px;padding:12px 18px 12px 12px;border:1px solid rgba(143,105,54,.35);border-radius:999px;background:rgba(250,248,243,.7);max-width:520px}.listen-btn{flex:0 0 auto;width:46px;height:46px;border-radius:50%;border:1px solid #8f6936;background:radial-gradient(circle at 35% 30%,#e8d5ae,#ab8e5f 70%,#8f6936);cursor:pointer;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding:0}.listen-btn svg{width:18px;height:18px;fill:#041a31}.listen-btn .ic-pause{display:none}.listen-bar.playing .ic-play{display:none}.listen-bar.playing .ic-pause{display:block}.listen-text{display:flex;flex-direction:column;line-height:1.25}.listen-title{font-weight:600;font-size:15px;color:#041a31;letter-spacing:.02em}.listen-dur{font-size:12.5px;color:#6a4f2e}@media(max-width:640px){.listen-bar{margin:14px 0 20px;padding:10px 14px 10px 10px}.listen-btn{width:42px;height:42px}}.flagship-band{max-width:880px;margin:0 auto 2.2rem}.flagship-link{display:block;background:#041a31;border:1px solid rgba(204,168,105,.4);border-radius:12px;padding:1.6rem 1.8rem;text-decoration:none}.flagship-link:hover{border-color:#cca869}.flagship-title{font-family:"Playfair Display",Georgia,serif;color:#f4f1e8;font-size:1.7rem;line-height:1.25;margin:.7rem 0 .5rem}.flagship-dek{color:#c9cdd3;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.6;margin:0 0 1rem}.flagship-fig{margin:0 0 1rem;border-radius:8px;overflow:hidden}.flagship-fig img{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.flagship-byline{color:#8f9aa8;font-size:.85rem;margin:0}.flagship-cta{color:#cca869;font-weight:600}.flagship-link:hover .flagship-cta{color:#e8d5ae}.chart-figure{margin:1.8rem 0}.chart-figure img{width:100%;height:auto;display:block}@media(max-width:640px){.flagship-link{padding:1.2rem 1.15rem}.flagship-title{font-size:1.35rem}}.hero{margin:0 0 1.6rem;border:1px solid var(--line-strong);border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;background:var(--card)}.hero-link{display:block;text-decoration:none;color:inherit}.hero-fig{margin:0;background:var(--card-2)}.hero-fig img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;aspect-ratio:16/9;object-fit:cover}.hero-fig figcaption{margin-top:10px;font-size:.82rem;color:var(--muted)}.hero-body{padding:1.3rem 1.5rem 1.4rem}.hero-title{font-family:"Playfair Display",Georgia,serif;color:var(--ink);font-size:clamp(1.4rem,3.4vw,2rem);line-height:1.2;margin:.7rem 0 .55rem}.hero-link:hover .hero-title{color:var(--gold-deep)}.hero-dek{color:var(--ink-muted);font-size:1rem;line-height:1.6;margin:0 0 .9rem}.hero-meta{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.8rem;margin:0}.hero-topic{font-family:var(--font-display);font-weight:700;font-size:.68rem;letter-spacing:.22em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--gold)}.hero-cta{font-weight:600;font-size:.92rem;color:var(--gold-deep)}.hero-link:hover .hero-cta{text-decoration:underline}@media(max-width:640px){.hero-body{padding:1rem 1.1rem 1.15rem}.hero-fig img{aspect-ratio:16/10}}.footer-nav{display:grid;gap:9px;align-content:start}.footer-nav a{color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none;font-size:.9rem}.footer-nav a:hover{color:var(--hud)}.menu-overlay{position:fixed;inset:0;z-index:600;background:rgba(3,3,5,.97);display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:8px;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;transition:opacity .28s ease,visibility .28s;backdrop-filter:blur(4px)}body.nav-open .menu-overlay{opacity:1;visibility:visible}.menu-overlay nav{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;gap:2px;max-height:80vh;overflow-y:auto;padding:20px}.menu-overlay .ov-link{font-family:"Rajdhani","Arial Narrow",sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-size:clamp(1.3rem,3vw,2rem);letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#f4f4f4;text-decoration:none;padding:10px 26px;border-bottom:2px solid transparent;transition:color .18s,border-color .18s}.menu-overlay .ov-link:hover,.menu-overlay .ov-link.active{color:#c9a227;border-bottom-color:#c9a227}.menu-overlay .ov-close{position:absolute;top:20px;right:30px;background:none;border:1px solid rgba(201,162,39,.5);border-radius:50%;width:46px;height:46px;color:#c9a227;font-size:1.3rem;cursor:pointer;line-height:1;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;padding-bottom:4px;transition:background .18s,color .18s}.menu-overlay .ov-close:hover{background:#c9a227;color:#000}.menu-overlay .ov-brand{font-family:"Rajdhani","Arial Narrow",sans-serif;font-weight:600;font-size:.7rem;letter-spacing:.4em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#c9a227;margin-bottom:14px}#hamburger[aria-expanded="true"] .bars i:first-child{transform:translateY(7px) rotate(45deg)}#hamburger[aria-expanded="true"] .bars i:nth-child(2){opacity:0}#hamburger[aria-expanded="true"] .bars i:nth-child(3){transform:translateY(-7px) rotate(-45deg)}@media (max-width:640px){.menu-overlay{display:none}}@media (pointer:coarse){.menu-btn{min-height:44px}#mb-consent .mb-cbtns button{min-height:44px;min-width:44px}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){*,*::before,*::after{animation-duration:.01ms!important;animation-iteration-count:1!important;transition-duration:.01ms!important;scroll-behavior:auto!important}}.crumbs{margin:0 0 1.2rem;font-size:.85rem;color:var(--muted);line-height:2;overflow-wrap:break-word}.crumbs a{color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px dotted transparent}.crumbs a:hover{color:var(--gold);border-bottom-color:var(--gold)}.direct-answer{font-size:1.12rem;line-height:1.75;background:rgba(184,0,0,.06);border-left:4px solid #B80000;padding:1rem 1.25rem;margin:0 0 1.6rem;border-radius:0 10px 10px 0;overflow-wrap:break-word}.direct-answer strong{color:var(--text)}.key-facts{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(150px,1fr));gap:.7rem;margin:0 0 1.6rem}.key-facts .kf{background:var(--card);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;padding:.85rem 1rem;min-width:0}.key-facts .kf .k{display:block;font-family:var(--font-display);font-weight:600;font-size:.66rem;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:.3rem}.key-facts .kf .v{display:block;font-weight:700;font-size:1.02rem;line-height:1.4;color:var(--text);overflow-wrap:break-word}main.paper .section-bar{margin:2.1rem 0 1rem}main.paper .section-bar:first-of-type{margin-top:1.6rem}details.mb-fold{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;margin:0 0 .9rem;background:rgba(255,255,255,.018)}details.mb-fold>summary{list-style:none;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.75rem;cursor:pointer;min-height:44px;padding:.9rem 1.1rem;font-family:var(--font-display);font-weight:700;font-size:1rem;letter-spacing:.03em;color:var(--text);-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}details.mb-fold>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}details.mb-fold>summary::before{content:"+";flex:none;width:26px;height:26px;border:1px solid var(--gold-dim);border-radius:50%;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;color:var(--gold);font-size:1.05rem;font-weight:400;line-height:1;transition:transform .2s}details.mb-fold[open]>summary::before{content:"\2212";border-color:var(--gold)}details.mb-fold>summary:hover::before{border-color:var(--gold)}details.mb-fold>summary .fold-count{margin-left:auto;font-size:.78rem;font-weight:600;color:var(--muted);letter-spacing:.06em}details.mb-fold .fold-body{padding:.2rem 1.1rem 1.1rem;overflow-wrap:break-word}.topic-cloud{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.55rem;margin:.5rem 0 1.4rem}.topic-chip{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:44px;padding:.55rem 1.05rem;border:1px solid var(--line-strong);border-radius:999px;color:var(--text);text-decoration:none;font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.3;background:rgba(255,255,255,.02);transition:border-color .18s,color .18s,background .18s;overflow-wrap:break-word}.topic-chip:hover{border-color:var(--gold);color:var(--hud);background:rgba(201,162,39,.07)}.rq-list{list-style:none;margin:.5rem 0 1.6rem;padding:0;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.rq-list li{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.rq-list li a{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.9rem;min-height:52px;padding:.8rem .4rem;color:var(--text);text-decoration:none;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.45;transition:background .18s,padding-left .18s}.rq-list li a:hover{background:rgba(201,162,39,.05);padding-left:.7rem}.rq-list .rq-q{flex:1;overflow-wrap:break-word}.rq-list .rq-go{flex:none;width:30px;height:30px;border:1px solid var(--line-strong);border-radius:50%;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;color:var(--gold);font-size:1.15rem;line-height:1;transition:border-color .18s,background .18s}.rq-list li a:hover .rq-go{border-color:var(--gold);background:rgba(201,162,39,.1)}.topic-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fill,minmax(250px,1fr));gap:1rem;margin:.5rem 0 1.4rem}.topic-card{display:flex;flex-direction:column;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;overflow:hidden;background:var(--card);color:var(--text);text-decoration:none;transition:transform .18s,border-color .18s;min-width:0}.topic-card:hover{border-color:var(--gold);transform:translateY(-2px)}.topic-card img{width:100%;height:150px;object-fit:cover}.topic-card .tc-body{padding:1rem 1.1rem 1.15rem}.topic-card .tc-kicker{font-family:var(--font-display);font-weight:600;font-size:.66rem;letter-spacing:.18em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--gold)}.topic-card h3,.topic-card h2{margin:.4rem 0 .5rem;font-size:1.04rem;line-height:1.35;color:var(--text)}.topic-card p{margin:0;color:var(--muted);font-size:.9rem;line-height:1.6}.table-scroll{overflow-x:auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch;margin:1rem 0;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px}.table-scroll>table.mb-data{margin:0;border:0}table.mb-data{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.95rem}table.mb-data--wide{min-width:620px}.mb-data th,.mb-data td{text-align:left;padding:.65rem .8rem;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);vertical-align:top;overflow-wrap:break-word}.mb-data tr:last-child th,.mb-data tr:last-child td{border-bottom:0}.mb-data tbody tr:hover td{background:rgba(201,162,39,.05)}.mb-data th.k{font-weight:600;color:var(--text);width:38%}.mb-data thead th{font-family:var(--font-display);font-weight:600;font-size:.74rem;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line-strong);white-space:nowrap}.mb-data td a{overflow-wrap:anywhere}@media (max-width:640px){.direct-answer{font-size:1.02rem;padding:.9rem 1rem}.key-facts{grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:.55rem}.key-facts .kf .v{font-size:.94rem}.topic-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.topic-chip{font-size:.88rem;padding:.5rem .95rem}table.mb-data{font-size:.87rem}.mb-data th,.mb-data td{padding:.55rem .6rem}details.mb-fold>summary{font-size:.94rem;padding:.8rem .95rem}}details.mb-fold.consensus{background:#ffffff;border:1px solid var(--line-strong);border-left:3px solid var(--gold-deep);border-radius:12px;margin:44px 0}details.mb-fold.consensus>summary h3{margin:0}details.mb-fold.consensus .fold-body{padding-top:.4rem}.navlink{min-height:44px}.read-next a{display:inline-block;min-height:44px;line-height:44px;padding:0 6px}.adsense-slot{display:none;margin:26px auto;max-width:728px;text-align:center;min-height:90px}.adsense-slot.is-filled{display:block}.share-row+.adsense-slot{margin-top:34px}.adsense-slot .adsense-label{display:block;font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;color:#8a8f98;margin-bottom:6px}.adsense-slot.is-empty{display:none!important}.mb-promo-ticker{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;right:0;z-index:1200;background:linear-gradient(90deg,#14100a,#3a2c10,#14100a);border-bottom:1px solid #c9a227;overflow:hidden}.mb-promo-ticker .ticker-viewport{display:block;overflow:hidden;white-space:nowrap;padding:9px 40px 9px 0;color:#f5e6c4;text-decoration:none;font-family:Rajdhani,"Arial Narrow",sans-serif;font-weight:600;font-size:.82rem;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase}.mb-promo-ticker .ticker-track{display:inline-block;animation:mb-ticker 30s linear infinite;will-change:transform}.mb-promo-ticker .ticker-item{margin:0 2.2rem}.mb-promo-ticker .promo-code{color:#fddf00;font-weight:700;border:1px dashed #c9a227;padding:1px 9px;border-radius:4px;margin:0 .45rem;white-space:nowrap}.mb-promo-ticker .ticker-close{position:absolute;right:6px;top:50%;transform:translateY(-50%);background:rgba(0,0,0,.35);border:0;color:#c9a227;font-size:1rem;line-height:1;cursor:pointer;padding:6px 10px;z-index:2;border-radius:4px}.mb-promo-ticker .ticker-close:hover{color:#fddf00}@keyframes mb-ticker{0%{transform:translateX(0)}100%{transform:translateX(-50%)}}body.has-promo{padding-top:37px}.mb-social-proof{position:fixed;left:16px;bottom:16px;z-index:1190;background:#141414;border:1px solid #c9a227;border-left:3px solid #c9a227;border-radius:10px;padding:12px 34px 12px 16px;max-width:320px;box-shadow:0 14px 38px rgba(0,0,0,.4);transform:translateX(-115%);transition:transform .5s cubic-bezier(.2,.9,.25,1.1);color:#f4f4f4;font-size:.86rem;line-height:1.45}.mb-social-proof.show{transform:translateX(0)}.mb-social-proof .sp-name{font-weight:700;color:#e8d68a}.mb-social-proof .sp-meta{display:block;font-size:.72rem;color:#8a8f98;margin-top:3px;letter-spacing:.04em}.mb-social-proof .sp-close{position:absolute;top:6px;right:6px;background:none;border:0;color:#8a8f98;font-size:.95rem;cursor:pointer;padding:4px 8px}.mb-social-proof .sp-close:hover{color:#fff}@media(max-width:640px){.mb-social-proof{left:10px;right:10px;max-width:none;bottom:10px}.mb-promo-ticker .ticker-viewport{font-size:.72rem}}.header-row1{position:relative}.header-tools{justify-self:end;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px;min-width:0}.lang-toggle{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:2px;border:1px solid var(--line-strong);border-radius:999px;background:var(--card);padding:2px}.lang-seg{font-family:var(--font-display);font-weight:700;font-size:.68rem;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;text-decoration:none;color:var(--faint);padding:8px 13px;border-radius:999px;line-height:1;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;min-height:36px;transition:background .18s ease,color .18s ease}a.lang-seg:hover{color:var(--gold-deep)}.lang-seg.is-active{background:var(--navy);color:#14181d;box-shadow:0 2px 6px rgba(12,17,29,.22);cursor:default}.lang-toggle-standalone{position:absolute;top:14px;right:20px}.preferred-source{text-align:center;font-size:.85rem;color:var(--muted);margin:14px 0 0}.preferred-source a{color:var(--gold);text-decoration:underline}

/* A11Y: promoted headings keep their original visual size (all:unset pins rendering) */
h2.a11y-h4{all:unset;display:block;margin:1.2rem 0 .6rem;font-family:inherit;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:normal;text-transform:none;color:inherit;line-height:inherit}
h3.a11y-h4-sub{all:unset;display:block;margin:.9rem 0 .5rem;font-family:inherit;font-size:1rem;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:normal;text-transform:none;color:inherit;line-height:inherit}

/* DESKTOP HERO — cinematic, centered (Boss, 2026-10-14): stacked, full-width, 21/9 crop, headline below. */
@media (min-width:1024px){
.hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;width:100%;margin:0 auto 1.6rem}
.hero-fig{width:100%}.hero-fig img{aspect-ratio:21/9}
.hero-fig img{object-position:center}
.hero-body{padding:1.6rem 2rem 1.8rem}
.hero-title{font-size:clamp(2rem,3.2vw,2.9rem);line-height:1.12}
.hero-dek{font-size:1.08rem;max-width:72ch}
}

/* ============ Homepage lead refresh (2026-10-15) ============
   Lead story + World Barometer side panel; three-lens expander;
   Quick answers as a collapsed secondary section. */
.lead-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.65fr 1fr;gap:1.2rem;align-items:start;margin:0 auto 1.6rem;max-width:100%}
.lead-grid .hero{margin:0;min-width:0}
.baro-side{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:12px;background:var(--card);padding:1.2rem 1.25rem;min-width:0}
.baro-title{font-family:var(--font-display);font-weight:700;font-size:.72rem;letter-spacing:.24em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--gold);margin:0 0 .5rem}
.baro-sub{font-size:.86rem;line-height:1.55;color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 .9rem}
.baro-counts{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:.45rem .9rem;margin:0 0 .9rem;padding:0}
.baro-count{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:.4rem;font-size:.82rem;font-weight:600;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums}
.baro-count i{width:10px;height:10px;border-radius:50%;display:inline-block}
.baro-heat{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(8,1fr);gap:5px;margin:0 0 .9rem}
.baro-cell{display:block;aspect-ratio:1.6/1;border-radius:4px;min-width:0}
.baro-top{list-style:none;margin:0 0 .8rem;padding:0;display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.35rem;font-size:.86rem}
.baro-top li{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.5rem}
.baro-dot{width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;flex:none}
.baro-updated{font-size:.75rem;color:var(--faint);margin:0 0 .8rem}
.baro-more{font-weight:700;font-size:.88rem;color:var(--gold);text-decoration:none}
.baro-more:hover{text-decoration:underline}
/* Three-lens expander under the lead story */
.hero-lenses{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin:0}
.hero-lenses summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.6rem;padding:.9rem 1.5rem;font-weight:700;font-size:.85rem;letter-spacing:.06em;color:var(--gold)}
.hero-lenses summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}
.hero-lenses summary::after{content:"+";font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1;color:var(--gold);margin-left:auto}
.hero-lenses[open] summary::after{content:"\2013"}
.hero-lenses summary:hover{color:var(--hud,#fddf00)}
.lens-cols{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:1.1rem;padding:.4rem 1.5rem 1.4rem}
.lens-col h4{font-family:var(--font-display);font-weight:700;font-size:.7rem;letter-spacing:.2em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--gold);margin:0 0 .55rem}
.lens-col p{font-size:.86rem;line-height:1.62;color:var(--ink-muted,#4a525c);margin:0 0 .7rem}
/* Quick answers: secondary, collapsed by default */
.mb-faq-secondary{margin:2.6rem auto 0;max-width:880px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:1.1rem}
.mb-faq-fold summary{cursor:pointer;list-style:none;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.7rem}
.mb-faq-fold summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}
.mb-faq-summary{font-family:"Playfair Display",Georgia,serif;font-weight:700;font-size:1.35rem;color:var(--ink)}
.mb-faq-fold summary::after{content:"+";font-size:1.5rem;color:var(--gold);font-weight:700;margin-left:auto}
.mb-faq-fold[open] summary::after{content:"\2013"}
.mb-faq-fold .mb-faq-item{margin:1.1rem 0}
.mb-faq-fold .mb-faq-item h3{font-size:1.02rem;margin:0 0 .4rem;color:var(--ink)}
.mb-faq-fold .mb-faq-item p{font-size:.93rem;line-height:1.65;color:var(--ink-muted,#4a525c);margin:0}
@media(max-width:960px){.lead-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}.baro-side{order:2}}
@media(max-width:640px){.lens-cols{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:.4rem 1.1rem 1.2rem}.hero-lenses summary{padding:.85rem 1.1rem}.baro-heat{grid-template-columns:repeat(8,1fr)}.mb-faq-secondary{padding-left:.2rem;padding-right:.2rem}}
/* Lead 3-lens strip (2026-10-16): always-visible compact triad, first-sentence summaries */
.hero-lenses-head{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:.6rem;padding:.9rem 1.5rem .2rem;font-weight:700;font-size:.85rem;letter-spacing:.06em;color:var(--gold)}
.triad-dots{display:inline-flex;gap:3px}
.triad-dots i{width:10px;height:10px;border-radius:50%;display:inline-block}
.tdot-west{background:#4F46E5}.tdot-east{background:#C2255C}.tdot-south{background:#0B7A6B}
.lens-col{border-top:3px solid var(--line);padding-top:.6rem}
.lens-west{border-top-color:#4F46E5}.lens-east{border-top-color:#C2255C}.lens-south{border-top-color:#0B7A6B}
.lens-more{font-size:.8rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--gold);text-decoration:none}
@media(max-width:640px){.hero-lenses-head{padding:.85rem 1.1rem .2rem}}
/* Method showcase banner (2026-10-16) */
.method-showcase{margin:1.6rem 0;border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:10px;overflow:hidden;background:#0C111D}
.method-showcase img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto}
.method-showcase figcaption{padding:.7rem 1.1rem;font-size:.85rem;color:var(--muted);background:var(--card)}

/* ============================================================
   THEME CONSISTENCY FIX (2026-10-17) — Boss screenshots: white-on-light
   Root cause: the legacy light block forces light/cream surfaces
   unconditionally, while the redesign data-theme variables resolve to
   LIGHT text values when data-theme="dark" (the default). Result:
   white headings/deks/tables on cream backgrounds.
   Fix: force the redesign text variables to dark values in dark mode,
   matching the unconditionally-light surfaces. Plus explicit dark text
   for unstyled components (vintage-table) and the article hero dek.
   ============================================================ */
:root[data-theme="dark"]{
  --text-primary:#041a31;
  --text-secondary:#3E4A5E;
  --text-tertiary:#667085;
}
/* Article hero subtitle/dek: plain <p> under the h1 */
.article-hero > p{color:#041a31;}
/* Rankings methodology table: vintage-table ships with zero color rules;
   force dark text on the light surface */
.vintage-table th,.vintage-table td{color:#041a31;}
/* Grade tables: explicit dark fallback (vars already dark, belt-and-braces) */
.grade-table th{color:#3d4552;}
.grade-table td{color:#041a31;}

/* ============================================================
   LENS STACKED SECTIONS (2026-10-17) — Boss redesign order: replace
   non-functional tabs with stacked, always-visible lens sections.
   ============================================================ */
.lens-stacked{margin:2rem 0;}
.lens-stacked .section-head h2{color:#101828;}
.lens-block{margin:0 0 1.4rem;padding:1rem 1.2rem;border:1px solid var(--line,#e8e2d3);border-radius:8px;background:var(--card,#ffffff);}
.lens-block:last-child{margin-bottom:0;}
.lens-label{font-size:1.02rem;font-weight:700;margin:0 0 .5rem;letter-spacing:.02em;}
.lens-summary{margin:0;line-height:1.65;color:#101828;font-size:.95rem;}
.lens-west{border-left:3px solid #4F46E5;}
.lens-east{border-left:3px solid #7C3AED;}
.lens-south{border-left:3px solid #0B7A6B;}

/* ============================================================
   LEGACY LENS-TABS FALLBACK (2026-10-17) — Old articles built
   with tabbed lens UI: force all panels visible as stacked
   sections since tab JS is non-functional. New articles use
   .lens-stacked (see above).
   ============================================================ */
.lens-tabs .tabs,
.lens-tabs .tabs-list,
.lens-tabs [role="tablist"]{display:none !important;}
.lens-tabs .tab-panel{
  display:block !important;
  opacity:1 !important;
  visibility:visible !important;
  margin-bottom:1.5rem;
  padding:1rem 1.25rem;
  border-left:4px solid #c9a227;
  background:rgba(201,162,39,0.06);
}
.lens-tabs #panel-west{border-left-color:#4F46E5;}
.lens-tabs #panel-east{border-left-color:#7C3AED;}
.lens-tabs #panel-south{border-left-color:#0B7A6B;}
.lens-tabs .tab-panel .lens-panel{color:#041a31;}
.lens-tabs .tab-panel p{color:#041a31;}

/* ============================================================
   METHOD STRIP ALIGNMENT FIX (2026-10-19) — Boss order: the
   "How we read a story" steps were misaligned (inconsistent HTML,
   animated SVG in step 1 only). All steps now share identical
   structure: static icon + number-inline title + description.
   Numbers sit next to titles, icons are uniform, columns align.
   ============================================================ */
.method-strip{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:2rem;align-items:start}
.method-step{display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:center;text-align:center}
.method-step .method-icon{width:48px;height:48px;color:var(--gold,#b8860b);margin-bottom:.75rem;flex-shrink:0}
.method-step h3{display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:.5rem;margin:0 0 .5rem;font-size:1.1rem}
.method-step .step-n{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;width:1.75rem;height:1.75rem;border:1.5px solid var(--gold,#b8860b);border-radius:50%;font-size:.85rem;font-weight:700;color:var(--gold,#b8860b);flex-shrink:0}
.method-step p{margin:0;font-size:.92rem;line-height:1.55;color:var(--muted)}
@media(max-width:768px){.method-strip{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:1.5rem}}
.footer-inner h2.footer-col-title{font-family:var(--font-display);font-weight:700;font-size:.78rem;letter-spacing:.24em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--gold);margin:0 0 14px}

/* ============================================================
   ENCYCLOPEDIA LIGHT-THEME FIX (2026-10-21) — Boss report:
   inside the Universal Encyclopedia, the Great Civilizations
   collection cards (.civ-card) and the rankings tables
   (.rank-wrap / .rank-table on the Great Inventors /
   Scientists / Economists / Historical Figures pages) stayed
   DARK while the site is in light mode. Cause: those components
   are styled with hard-coded dark hex values in per-page inline
   <style> blocks and were never given a light-theme override —
   the classic styles.css trap (cf. .empire-visuals, which the
   light block already rescues via main .empire-visuals figure).
   Fix: theme-scoped overrides below, in the same light-card
   language as .inventor-card / .ce2-card (#fff surface,
   #e2ddd0 border, #8a6d1c dark-gold, #111 headings).
   Scoped to [data-theme="light"] ONLY — dark theme untouched.
   Selectors carry :root[data-theme="light"] so they outrank the
   per-page inline rules regardless of document order.
   ============================================================ */
:root[data-theme="light"] .civ-card{background:#ffffff;border-color:#e2ddd0;}
:root[data-theme="light"] .civ-card .civ-kicker{color:#8a6d1c;}
:root[data-theme="light"] .civ-card h3,
:root[data-theme="light"] .civ-card h2{color:#111111;}
:root[data-theme="light"] .civ-card .civ-tag{color:#8a6d1c;}
:root[data-theme="light"] .civ-card p.civ-dek{color:#4a463c;}
:root[data-theme="light"] .civ-card .civ-link{color:#8a6d1c;}
:root[data-theme="light"] .rank-wrap{background:#ffffff;border-color:#e2ddd0;}
:root[data-theme="light"] .rank-table th{color:#8a6d1c;}
:root[data-theme="light"] .rank-table td{background:#ffffff;color:#1d1a12;border-bottom-color:#e8e2d3;}
:root[data-theme="light"] .rank-table tr:hover td{background:#fbf6e3;}
:root[data-theme="light"] .rank-table .rk{color:#111111;}
:root[data-theme="light"] .rank-table .sc{color:#8a6d1c;}
:root[data-theme="light"] .rank-table a{color:#8a6d1c;}